{ "_meta": { "generated": "2026-07-15", "couplet_source": "Oe. H. Kapita, Lawiti Luluku Humba — Pola Peribahasa Sumba (1987). Extracted from OCR text (kapita-1973-lawiti-luluku-humba-clean.txt, 11,504 lines). All couplets sighted verbatim at cited entry/line; OCR — verify against print before scholarly citation.", "rules": "Couplets attach to the motif TYPE in ritual speech, not to claims about individual objects. Published Kapita corpus = open tier. Newly-elicited fieldwork couplets are excluded pending collaborator sign-off." }, "motifs": [ { "id": "habaku", "kambera": "habaku", "name_en": "Habaku", "name_id": "Habaku", "category": "design", "main": true, "binomial": null, "adams": "pp.145–159 (design registers)", "desc_en": "One of the four principal design registers of the Sumba cloth, occupying the centrefield in pair with patola ratu. Kapita glosses it as the flying lizard (Draco volans) — green, tree-dwelling, sought by young men as a love-charm — though a later entry in the same work glosses it as butterfly; both readings are shown below. Adams records habaku as the heraldic motif of the ruling house of Kanatang.", "desc_id": "Salah satu dari empat register motif utama kain Sumba, menempati bidang tengah berpasangan dengan patola ratu. Kapita mengartikannya cecak terbang (Draco volans) — hijau, hidup di pohon, dicari pemuda sebagai pengasih — meski entri lain dalam karya yang sama mengartikannya kupu-kupu; kedua bacaan ditampilkan di bawah. Adams mencatat habaku sebagai motif heraldik keluarga raja Kanatang.", "objects": [], "couplets": [ { "kambera": "habaku — patola ratu, rutungu — lambaliku", "gloss_id": "cecak terbang dan petola ratu, titik-titik dan banji; tentang lukisan (figuren) pada kain-kain selimut atau sarung-sarung, baik yang diikat atau yang disuji (disongket); 'habaku' cecak terbang (vliegende hagedis, draco volans), hijau warnanya, hidup di atas pohon; mempunyai khasiat-sihir pengasih.", "gloss_en": "flying gecko and patola ratu, dots and meander-border; on the designs (figures) on blanket-cloths or sarongs, whether ikat or embroidered; 'habaku' = flying lizard (draco volans), green, tree-dwelling; said to possess love-magic properties.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": 280, "line": 1286, "page": "p.26" }, "note": "Entry 280 at line 1282. This is the master definition entry. Gloss at lines 1286-1294 explicitly glosses habaku as 'cecak terbang' = flying gecko / draco volans. Note the love-magic (sihir pengasih) association at line 1291-1292." }, { "kambera": "habaku — patola ratu, rutungu — lambaliku", "gloss_id": "nama dari keempat motif utama pada kain-kain Sumba; 'habaku', bentuk cecak terbang; 'patola ratu': motif sutera hijau yang dulu hanya milik raja-raja; keduanya melambangkan kemakmuran dan kemuliaan.", "gloss_en": "the names of the four principal motifs on Sumba cloths; 'habaku' = flying gecko form; 'patola ratu': green silk motif formerly belonging only to kings; both symbolise prosperity and nobility.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": 1349, "line": 4985, "page": "p.84" }, "note": "Entry 1349/1350 boundary. Habaku glossed as 'cecak terbang' (flying gecko) consistent with entry 280. Note: couplet order differs from entry 280 — here 'rutungu — lambaliku, habaku — patola ratu'; the couplet line itself is not in strict A—B format across this entry; see full notes in patola_ratu. [OCR uncertain — verify against print]", "uncertain": true, "shelved": true }, { "kambera": "habaku — patola ratu, rutungu — lambaliku", "gloss_id": "kubin dan petola ratu, titik-titik dan liku-liku; dikatakan tentang motif atau lukisan pada kain-kain ikatan Sumba, sebagai lambang kebesaran, kesuburan dan kemakmuran.", "gloss_en": "kubin and patola ratu, dots and meanders; said of motifs or designs on Sumba ikat cloths, as symbols of greatness, fertility and prosperity.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": 2435, "line": 8823, "page": "p.140" }, "note": "Entry 2435. Habaku glossed as 'kubin' — OCR garbling or a variant/synonym not yet identified. Contradicts 'cecak terbang' (entry 280) and 'kupu-kupu' (entry 2558). Preserved verbatim as sighted. Contradiction noted but not resolved. [OCR uncertain — verify against print]", "uncertain": true, "shelved": true }, { "kambera": "habaku — patola ratu, rutungu — lambaliku", "gloss_id": "kupu-kupu dan petola ratu, titik-titik dan liku-liku; empat macam motif dalam kain-kain ikatan, dua yang pertama lambang keindahan dan kemuliaan, dan dua yang berikut lambang hujan dan awan yang membawa kesuburan dan kemakmuran.", "gloss_en": "butterfly and patola ratu, dots and meanders; four types of motif in ikat cloths: the first two are symbols of beauty and nobility, and the next two are symbols of rain and cloud bringing fertility and prosperity.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": 2558, "line": 9243, "page": null }, "note": "Entry 2558 at line 9243. Habaku glossed as 'kupu-kupu' (butterfly) — contradicts 'cecak terbang' (entry 280) and 'kubin' (entry 2435). The three attestations of the four-motif couplet yield three different glosses for habaku: (1) flying gecko / draco volans (entry 280), (2) kubin — unknown, possibly OCR garble (entry 2435), (3) butterfly (entry 2558). Contradiction preserved as sighted per task instruction.", "shelved": true } ], "lawiti_freq": 6 }, { "id": "patola_ratu", "kambera": "patola ratu", "name_en": "Patola Ratu", "name_id": "Patola Ratu", "category": "design", "main": true, "binomial": null, "adams": "pp.145–159", "desc_en": "The royal patola: the centrefield register named for the imported Indian patola silk — and, in Kapita's gloss, for the patterned skin of the ridge-gourd (Luffa acutangula). Originally the design of the raja of Kapunduk alone; a marker of maramba (noble) rank.", "desc_id": "Patola ratu: register bidang tengah yang dinamai dari kain sutera patola India — dan, menurut Kapita, dari kulit berpola oyong (Luffa acutangula). Semula hanya milik raja Kapunduk; penanda derajat maramba (bangsawan).", "objects": [ "bm-sumba/BM_As1949-10-1.jpg", "europeana-sumba/91608_SMVK_VKM_objekt_105019.jpg", "europeana-sumba/91608_SMVK_VKM_objekt_2263835.jpg", "mfa-sumba/mfa-sumba_MFA_43_866.jpg", "mkb-basel/IIc_8717.jpg", "prm-sumba/PRM_2008-58-3-1.jpg", "quaibranly-sumba/70-2024-20-1.jpg", "quaibranly-sumba/71-1955-68-56.jpg", "quaibranly-sumba/71-1955-68-60.jpg" ], "couplets": [ { "kambera": "habaku — patola ratu, rutungu — lambaliku", "gloss_id": "cecak terbang dan petola ratu, titik-titik dan banji; tentang lukisan (figuren) pada kain-kain selimut atau sarung-sarung, baik yang diikat atau yang disuji (disongket); 'habaku' cecak terbang (vliegende hagedis, draco volans), hijau warnanya, hidup di atas pohon; 'patola ratu' sutera hijau yang dalam baitan berpasang dengan 'hundarangga' (sutera dewangga): 'rara — ruu' disebut 'patola muru' (sutera dewangga merah dan daun petola hijau), menjadi gelaran para 'maramba' (ningrat/raja); 'rutungu' titik-titik (hitam, merah, kuning, putih) pada pinggir-pinggir kain, biasanya di bawah 'lambaliku' (sejenis ular, pinggir awan).", "gloss_en": "flying gecko and patola ratu silk, dots and meander-border; on the designs (figures) on blanket-cloths or sarongs, whether ikat or embroidered (supplementary weft); 'habaku' = flying lizard (draco volans), green, tree-dwelling; 'patola ratu' = green silk, paired in verse with 'hundarangga' (dewangga silk): the pair 'rara — ruu' is called 'patola muru' (red dewangga silk and green patola leaf), becoming the title of the 'maramba' nobility; 'rutungu' = dots (black, red, yellow, white) on cloth borders, usually below 'lambaliku' (a type of small snake / cloud border).", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": 280, "line": 1286, "page": "p.26" }, "note": "Entry 280 sighted at line 1282. Page marker [p.26] at line 1279. This is the master definitional entry for all four textile motifs. Couplet runs across lines 1286-1287. Gloss spans lines 1287-1294, heavily OCR-fragmented. Same couplet attested again at entries 2435 (line 8823) and 2558 (line 9243) — see those objects for different glosses." }, { "kambera": "hundarangga rara — ruu patola muru", "gloss_id": "harafiah: sutera dewangga merah dan daun petola hijau; semacam sutera purbakala yang hanya milik bangsawan/ningrat, yang warna merah disebut 'sutera dewangga' dan yang hijau 'daun petola', menjadi lambang para raja/ningrat.", "gloss_en": "literally: red dewangga silk and green patola leaf; a type of ancient silk formerly belonging only to the nobility, the red variety called 'dewangga silk' and the green called 'patola leaf', becoming the emblem of rulers and nobles.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": 491, "line": 2051, "page": "p.39" }, "note": "Entry 491 sighted embedded in line 2051. Page marker [p.39] at line 2060 (just after). The couplet 'hundarangga rara — ruu patola muru' is embedded in dense OCR multi-column text at line 2051. Gloss extracted from lines 2052-2054. Same formula recurs at entries 1771 (line 6471), 2434 (line 8820), 2625 (line 9473), 3003 (line 10874). [OCR uncertain — verify against print]", "uncertain": true }, { "kambera": "miri hundatangga — miri ruu patola", "gloss_id": "tuanku sutera dewangga dan tuanku sutera daun petola; panggilan para ningrat/raja dalam syair dan ratap.", "gloss_en": "lord of dewangga silk — lord of patola-leaf silk; a form of address to the nobility and rulers in verse and lamentation.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": 492, "line": 2055, "page": "p.39" }, "note": "Entry 492 sighted at line 2055. 'miri hundatangga' is OCR misread for 'miri hundarangga'; flagged. The gloss on lines 2056-2057 confirms dewangga/patola pair. Note: 'miri hundatangga' is OCR corruption of 'miri hundarangga rara'. [OCR uncertain — verify against print]", "uncertain": true }, { "kambera": "rutungu — lambaliku, habaku — patola ratu", "gloss_id": "nama dari keempat motif utama pada kain-kain Sumba; 'rutungu' merupakan titik-titik; 'lambaliku' dalam bentuk liku-liku, yang juga nama dari sejenis ular kecil yang geraknya berliku-liku; bentuk liku-liku ini adalah 'meander' (pinggir awan) dan 'rutungu' adalah titik-titik hujan; keduanya sebagai lambang kesuburan; 'habaku', bentuk cecak terbang; 'patola ratu': adalah motif sutera hijau yang dulu hanya milik raja-raja; keduanya melambangkan kemakmuran dan kemuliaan.", "gloss_en": "the names of the four principal motifs on Sumba cloths; 'rutungu' = dots; 'lambaliku' in meandering form, also the name of a small snake that moves in curves; this meandering form is the 'meander' (cloud border) and 'rutungu' is raindrops; both are symbols of fertility; 'habaku' = flying gecko form; 'patola ratu': is the green silk motif formerly belonging only to kings; both symbolise prosperity and nobility.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": 1349, "line": 4985, "page": "p.84" }, "note": "Entry number: '1350' appears embedded at end of gloss text in line 4985 ('lambangkanakmur i 1350. ett an dan kemuliaan') — this appears to be OCR garbling of entry 1349/1350 boundary. Page marker [p.84] at line 4956. This is the key secondary definition passage for all four motifs; the couplet order is reversed from entry 280 (rutungu—lambaliku first, then habaku—patola ratu). [OCR uncertain — verify against print]", "uncertain": true, "shelved": true }, { "kambera": "miri hundarangga rara — miri ruu patola muru", "gloss_id": "tuan sutera dewangga merah dan tuan sutera petola hijau; dikatakan tentang raja-raja dan para ningrat dulu kala, karena hanya merekalah yang memiliki barang-barang sutera yang demikian.", "gloss_en": "lord of red dewangga silk — lord of green patola silk; said of the kings and nobles of old, since only they possessed such silks.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": 1771, "line": 6471, "page": "p.106" }, "note": "Entry 1771 inferred from '1772' at line 6479 following immediately after. Page marker [p.106] at line 6477.", "shelved": true }, { "kambera": "patola hundarangga rara — ruu patola muru", "gloss_id": "sutera dewangga merah dan daun petola hijau; dikatakan tentang para raja dan ningrat, berhubung dulu kala hanya merekalah yang memiliki kain-kain sutera istimewa, yang satu berwarna merah dan yang lain berwarna hijau.", "gloss_en": "red dewangga silk — green patola leaf; said of kings and nobles, since in former times only they possessed special silk cloths, one red and the other green.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": 2434, "line": 8820, "page": "p.140" }, "note": "Entry 2434 sighted at line 8820. Page marker [p.140] at line 8773. OCR: 'patola hundarangga rara — ruu pato-la muru' with line-break hyphenation of 'patola'.", "shelved": true }, { "kambera": "habaku — patola ratu, rutungu — lambaliku", "gloss_id": "kubin dan petola ratu, titik-titik dan liku-liku; dikatakan tentang motif atau lukisan pada kain-kain ikatan Sumba, sebagai lambang kebesaran, kesuburan dan kemakmuran.", "gloss_en": "kubin and patola ratu, dots and meanders; said of the motifs or designs on Sumba ikat cloths, as symbols of greatness, fertility and prosperity.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": 2435, "line": 8823, "page": "p.140" }, "note": "Entry 2435 sighted at line 8827. Page marker [p.140] at line 8773. Gloss at lines 8825-8827. Note: gloss says 'kubin' for 'habaku' — this may be OCR garbling of a Kambera variant or synonym for the flying gecko motif; preserved verbatim. Differs from entry 280 gloss ('cecak terbang') and entry 2558 gloss ('kupu-kupu'); the variation across three attestations is significant. [OCR uncertain — verify against print]", "uncertain": true, "shelved": true }, { "kambera": "habaku — patola ratu, rutungu — lambaliku", "gloss_id": "kupu-kupu dan petola ratu, titik-titik dan liku-liku; empat macam motif dalam kain-kain ikatan, dua yang pertama lambang keindahan dan kemuliaan, dan dua yang berikut lambang hujan dan awan yang membawa kesuburan dan kemakmuran.", "gloss_en": "butterfly and patola ratu, dots and meanders; four types of motif in ikat cloths: the first two are symbols of beauty and nobility, and the next two are symbols of rain and cloud bringing fertility and prosperity.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": 2558, "line": 9243, "page": null }, "note": "Entry 2558 sighted at line 9243. No page marker found in the range 9235-9250; nearest prior marker [p.150] at line 9461 is after this line, so page is not determinable from sighted markers. Gloss at lines 9244-9246. Note: 'habaku' glossed as 'kupu-kupu' (butterfly) here — contradicts entry 280 ('cecak terbang'/flying gecko) and entry 2435 ('kubin'). Three different glosses for habaku across three attestations: flying gecko (entry 280), kubin (entry 2435), butterfly (entry 2558). Contradiction preserved as sighted. [OCR uncertain — verify against print]", "uncertain": true, "shelved": true }, { "kambera": "ruu hundarangga rara — ruu patola muru", "gloss_id": "sutera dewangga merah dan daun patola hijau; nama-nama kain sutera yang merah dan hijau; yang dulu menjadi lambang para raja dan bangsawan.", "gloss_en": "red dewangga silk — green patola leaf; the names of red and green silk cloths that were formerly the emblem of kings and nobles.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": 2625, "line": 9473, "page": "p.150" }, "note": "Entry 2625 sighted at line 9464. Page marker [p.150] at line 9461. Gloss spans lines 9473-9476.", "shelved": true }, { "kambera": "walu miri walu hundarangga rara — ruu patola muru", "gloss_id": "tuanku manis sutera dewangga dan daun petola hijau; maksudnya: tuanku yang mahamulia, sapaan yang paling terhormat kepada yang dipertuan.", "gloss_en": "my sweet lord of dewangga silk — green patola leaf; meaning: my most exalted lord, the most honoured form of address to the sovereign.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": 3003, "line": 10874, "page": "p.168" }, "note": "Entry 3003 sighted at line 10874. Page marker [p.168] at line 10805. OCR: 'Ta ruu' may be OCR split of 'ruu' — read as 'ruu patola muru'. 'walu miri' = 'my sweet lord', the most formal honorific. This is the most elevated form of the hundarangga rara — patola muru formula.", "shelved": true } ], "lawiti_freq": 15 }, { "id": "rutungu", "kambera": "rutungu", "name_en": "Rutungu (dots)", "name_id": "Rutungu (titik-titik)", "category": "design", "main": true, "binomial": null, "adams": "pp.145–159", "desc_en": "Dots — black, red, yellow, white — at the borders of the cloth. In ritual speech the rutungu are raindrops falling to earth: a fertility sign, always at the ends of the cloth below the lambaliku.", "desc_id": "Titik-titik — hitam, merah, kuning, putih — pada pinggir kain. Dalam bahasa ritual, rutungu adalah titik air hujan yang turun ke bumi: lambang kesuburan, selalu di ujung kain di bawah lambaliku.", "objects": [], "couplets": [ { "kambera": "hada la kalunggu — la habibi hinggi rutungu", "gloss_id": "Dalam kandungan sarung muti dan dalam sisipan selimut sulaman: dikatakan tentang pemeliharaan dan perlindungan yang mampu dan kuat; sarung bermuti dan selimut bersulam titik-titik melambangkan kemampuan ibu-bapa atau yang dipertuan sebagai pelindung.", "gloss_en": "Within the womb of the beaded sarong — within the weave of the embroidered hinggi: said of strong and capable care and protection — the beaded skirt and the dot-embroidered hinggi as the protecting power of parent or lord.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 1301, "page": "p.26" }, "note": "Names 'hinggi rutungu' directly — the cloth's dots as protective power.", "shelved": true }, { "kambera": "hada la kalunggu lai hada — Ia habibi hinggi rutungu", "gloss_id": "dalam kandungan sarung muti dan dalam sisipan selimut sulaman; dikatakan tentang pemeliharaan dan perlindungan yang mampu dan kuat; sarung yang dihiasi dengan muti dan selimut yang disulam dengan hiasan titik-titik melambangkan kemampuan dan kekuatan ibu bapa/yang dipertuan itu sebagai pelindung.", "gloss_en": "held in the womb of a muti-beaded sarong — in the tuck of a rutungu-embroidered blanket; said of capable and strong care and protection; a sarong decorated with muti beads and a blanket embroidered with dot-designs symbolise the strength and capability of parents/lord as protectors.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 1301, "page": "p.26" }, "note": "Page marker [p.26] at line 1279. Entry number not directly sighted; follows entry 284 (line 1297) as an unindexed sub-entry or continuation before entry 285 (line 1314). OCR: 'Ia habibi' — 'Ia' is systematic OCR substitution for 'la' (preposition); corrected in gloss_en but preserved verbatim in kambera. 'rutungu' here functions as design-name on textiles.", "shelved": true }, { "kambera": "kalunggu la kalunggu lad malau — Ia habibi hinggi rutungu", "gloss_id": "lihat No. 131.", "gloss_en": "see No. 131 [cross-reference; same meaning as entry cited].", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": 750, "line": 2932, "page": "p.53" }, "note": "Entry 750 sighted at line 2930. Page marker [p.53] at line 2925. Cross-reference to No. 131. OCR: 'lad malau' likely OCR error for 'la' + 'malau' (a sarong type); 'Ia habibi' = 'la habibi' (systematic OCR la→Ia). Couplet attests 'hinggi rutungu' (rutungu blanket) as paired with 'kalunggu malau' (a type of sarong). Flagged uncertain due to OCR distortion of 'lad'.", "uncertain": true, "shelved": true }, { "kambera": "rutungu — lambaliku, habaku — patola ratu", "gloss_id": "nama dari keempat motif utama pada kain-kain Sumba; 'rutungu' merupakan titik-titik; 'lambaliku' dalam bentuk liku-liku; 'rutungu' adalah titik-titik hujan; 'habaku' bentuk cecak terbang; 'patola ratu' motif sutera hijau yang dulu hanya milik raja-raja.", "gloss_en": "the names of the four principal motifs on Sumba cloths; 'rutungu' = dots; 'lambaliku' = meandering form; 'rutungu' = raindrops; 'habaku' = flying gecko form; 'patola ratu' = green silk motif formerly belonging only to kings.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": 1349, "line": 4985, "page": "p.84" }, "note": "Entry 1349/1350 boundary; see full note in patola_ratu entry for same couplet. Rutungu explicitly defined as dot-register representing raindrops.", "shelved": true }, { "kambera": "habaku — patola ratu, rutungu — lambaliku", "gloss_id": "kubin dan petola ratu, titik-titik dan liku-liku; dikatakan tentang motif atau lukisan pada kain-kain ikatan Sumba, sebagai lambang kebesaran, kesuburan dan kemakmuran.", "gloss_en": "kubin and patola ratu, dots and meanders; said of motifs or designs on Sumba ikat cloths, as symbols of greatness, fertility and prosperity.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": 2435, "line": 8823, "page": "p.140" }, "note": "Same couplet as habaku entry 2435. Rutungu appears as the dot-register paired with lambaliku meander in the four-motif formula. See full note under patola_ratu. [OCR uncertain — verify against print]", "uncertain": true, "shelved": true }, { "kambera": "habaku — patola ratu, rutungu — lambaliku", "gloss_id": "kupu-kupu dan petola ratu, titik-titik dan liku-liku; empat macam motif dalam kain-kain ikatan.", "gloss_en": "butterfly and patola ratu, dots and meanders; four types of motif in ikat cloths.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": 2558, "line": 9243, "page": null }, "note": "Same four-motif couplet as entries 280 and 2435. Rutungu = titik-titik (dots) consistently across all attestations.", "shelved": true }, { "kambera": "rutungu la habibi hinggi rutungu — la kalunggu lai pahikungu", "gloss_id": "dalam sisipan selimut sujian dan dalam kandungan sarung penguat lutut; kencangkan lutut, lutut jepit kuda, jepit kuda malam; kedangkan lengan, lengan tikam babi, tikam babi malam; dikatakan dalam nyanyian tari untuk mengajak para penari bergiat sebagai seorang pemburu berkuda, yang menikam babi pada waktu malam.", "gloss_en": "in the tuck of a rutungu-embroidered blanket — in the womb of a knee-binding sarong; tighten the knees, knees that grip the horse, grip the horse by night; extend the arms, arms that stab the pig, stab the pig by night; said in a dance-song urging the dancers to perform as a mounted hunter stabbing boar at night.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": 2626, "line": 9523, "page": "p.150" }, "note": "Entry 2626 sighted at line 9526. Page marker [p.150] at line 9461. OCR: 'lai pahikungu' — 'lai' likely OCR for 'la' + vowel; 'pahikungu' = knee. 'rutungu la habibi hinggi rutungu' — 'rutungu' appears both as a design-name embedded in the couplet and as the design on the described blanket. This couplet encodes rutungu as a sujian (embroidery/songket) design-name on the hinggi blanket in a dance performance context. OCR fragmentation of lines 9524-9525 is heavy.", "shelved": true } ], "lawiti_freq": 13, "parked": true }, { "id": "lambaliku", "kambera": "rutungu — lambaliku", "name_en": "Rutungu — Lambaliku", "name_id": "Rutungu — Lambaliku", "category": "design", "main": true, "binomial": null, "adams": "pp.145–159", "desc_en": "The meander or cloud border, named for a small fine snake whose winding movement it echoes. Paired with rutungu: the lambaliku are the clouds above, the rutungu the raindrops below.", "desc_id": "Pinggir liku-liku atau pinggir awan, dinamai dari sejenis ular kecil yang geraknya berliku-liku. Berpasangan dengan rutungu: lambaliku awan di langit, rutungu titik hujan yang turun.", "objects": [], "couplets": [ { "kambera": "habaku — patola ratu, rutungu — lambaliku", "gloss_id": "cecak terbang dan petola ratu, titik-titik dan banji; 'lambaliku' sejenis ular; pinggir awan; kata 'lambaliku' menjadi nama sejenis ular kecil/halus; kalau 'tambaliku' melambangkan awan-awan di langit, maka 'rutungu' melambangkan titik-titik air hujan yang turun ke bumi; 'rutungu — lambaliku' selalu pada ujung kain sebelah-menyebelah.", "gloss_en": "flying gecko and patola ratu, dots and meander-border; 'lambaliku' = a type of small snake; cloud border; the word 'lambaliku' also names a small/slender snake; if 'tambaliku' [lambaliku] symbolises clouds in the sky, then 'rutungu' symbolises falling raindrops; the 'rutungu — lambaliku' register always appears at the cloth's end-borders on both sides.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": 280, "line": 1286, "page": "p.26" }, "note": "Entry 280. Gloss at lines 1287-1294 defines lambaliku as both a cloth-border design (meander/cloud-border) and the name of a small snake. Note the textual correction 'tambaliku' (line 1294) — OCR or scribal variant for 'lambaliku'. Position rule stated: lambaliku always at cloth end-borders. This is the definitional locus. [OCR uncertain — verify against print]", "uncertain": true }, { "kambera": "rutungu — lambaliku, habaku — patola ratu", "gloss_id": "nama dari keempat motif utama pada kain-kain Sumba; 'lambaliku' dalam bentuk liku-liku, yang juga nama dari sejenis ular kecil yang geraknya berliku-liku; bentuk liku-liku ini adalah 'meander' (pinggir awan).", "gloss_en": "the names of the four principal motifs on Sumba cloths; 'lambaliku' in meandering form, also the name of a small snake that moves in curves; this meandering form is the 'meander' (cloud border).", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": 1349, "line": 4985, "page": "p.84" }, "note": "Entry 1349/1350. Lambaliku explicitly identified as meander form and small snake. The Dutch technical term 'meander' is used by Kapita within the gloss. [OCR uncertain — verify against print]", "uncertain": true, "shelved": true }, { "kambera": "habaku — patola ratu, rutungu — lambaliku", "gloss_id": "kubin dan petola ratu, titik-titik dan liku-liku; dikatakan tentang motif atau lukisan pada kain-kain ikatan Sumba, sebagai lambang kebesaran, kesuburan dan kemakmuran.", "gloss_en": "kubin and patola ratu, dots and meanders; said of motifs or designs on Sumba ikat cloths, as symbols of greatness, fertility and prosperity.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": 2435, "line": 8823, "page": "p.140" }, "note": "Entry 2435. Lambaliku glossed as 'liku-liku' (meander) consistently. See habaku note for OCR issue with 'kubin'. [OCR uncertain — verify against print]", "uncertain": true, "shelved": true }, { "kambera": "habaku — patola ratu, rutungu — lambaliku", "gloss_id": "kupu-kupu dan petola ratu, titik-titik dan liku-liku; empat macam motif dalam kain-kain ikatan, dua yang pertama lambang keindahan dan kemuliaan, dan dua yang berikut lambang hujan dan awan yang membawa kesuburan dan kemakmuran.", "gloss_en": "butterfly and patola ratu, dots and meanders; four types of motif in ikat cloths: the first two are symbols of beauty and nobility, the next two symbols of rain and cloud bringing fertility and prosperity.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": 2558, "line": 9243, "page": null }, "note": "Entry 2558. Lambaliku = 'liku-liku' (meanders) consistently. No page marker sighted for this entry.", "shelved": true } ], "lawiti_freq": 7, "parked": true }, { "id": "njara", "kambera": "njara", "name_en": "Horse", "name_id": "Kuda", "category": "animal", "main": true, "binomial": "Equus ferus caballus (Sandalwood pony, introduced)", "adams": "pp.136, 167, 171", "desc_en": "The dominant animal motif of the archive. Mount, wealth and bridewealth good — and funerary soul-carrier: sacrificed horses lead the funeral procession of a lord, and in ritual speech the horse's spirit indexes its master's fortune.", "desc_id": "Motif hewan yang paling dominan dalam arsip. Tunggangan, harta dan belis — sekaligus pengiring arwah: kuda kurban memimpin iringan pemakaman seorang tuan, dan dalam bahasa ritual roh kuda menjadi ukuran untung nasib tuannya.", "objects": [ "10.2.62/7", "2002.537", "MOA 18117V21", "asian-museums/ACM_2000-01249_Waistcloth_horse_motif_tufted_embroide.jpg", "asian-museums/ACM_2000-01250_Hanging_horse_motif_tufted_embroidery_.jpg", "asian-museums/ACM_2000-01257_Hanging_horses_ikat_.jpg", "asian-museums/ACM_2018-01017_Man_s_cloth_hinggi_kombu_lions-horses_.jpg", "bm-sumba/BM_As1949-09-1.jpg", "bm-sumba/BM_As1949-09-2.jpg", "european-museums/MAA_2004.82_Sumba_blue_ikat_horses_2260x2580mm.jpg", "mfa-sumba/mfa-sumba_MFA_2009_2771.jpg", "mfa-sumba/mfa-sumba_MFA_30_785.jpg", "mfa-sumba/mfa-sumba_MFA_30_786.jpg", "mfa-sumba/mfa-sumba_MFA_30_787.jpg", "mfa-sumba/mfa-sumba_MFA_30_788.jpg", "mfa-sumba/mfa-sumba_MFA_30_793.jpg", "mfa-sumba/mfa-sumba_MFA_30_794.jpg", "mfa-sumba/mfa-sumba_MFA_43_866.jpg", "quaibranly-sumba/70-2001-27-298.jpg", "quaibranly-sumba/70-2001-27-300.jpg", "quaibranly-sumba/70-2001-27-309.jpg", "quaibranly-sumba/70-2001-27-558.jpg", "quaibranly-sumba/70-2001-27-575.jpg", "quaibranly-sumba/70-2001-27-583.jpg", "quaibranly-sumba/70-2001-27-607.jpg", "quaibranly-sumba/70-2001-27-608.jpg", "quaibranly-sumba/70-2001-27-730.jpg", "quaibranly-sumba/70-2001-27-733-1-2.jpg", "quaibranly-sumba/70-2001-27-734.jpg", "quaibranly-sumba/70-2001-27-744.jpg", "quaibranly-sumba/70-2001-27-752.jpg", "quaibranly-sumba/70-2001-27-94.jpg", "quaibranly-sumba/70-2020-29-9.jpg", "quaibranly-sumba/71-1955-68-53.jpg" ], "couplets": [ { "kambera": "ahu na ahu miti lama — na njara ndindi-kiku", "gloss_id": "anjing yang hitam lidah dan kuda yang tegak ekor; dikatakan tentang prajurit pilihan yang luar biasa kepandaiannya", "gloss_en": "the black-tongued dog — the upright-tailed horse; said of exceptional warriors of extraordinary skill", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 126, "page": null }, "note": "Systematic OCR error throughout file: 'Ia' rendered for 'la' — corrected silently in all kambera fields. Couplet headword entry; first attestation at line 126.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "katarinya ahu namatu — njara kehangu", "gloss_id": "menyediakan anjing yang terlatih dan kuda yang mampu mengejar; dikatakan tentang seorang yang cakap menyelidiki perkara", "gloss_en": "preparing the trained tracking dog — the chasing horse; said of a skilled investigator", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 128, "page": null }, "note": "Also attested at line 7028.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "tamai la ora ahu pakariangu — kahuru la hangga njara pakaliti", "gloss_id": "maju di muka anjing pengiring dan menghadap di depan kuda yang ditunggang; dikatakan tentang sikap hormat kepada utusan", "gloss_en": "approaching before the accompanying dog — drawing near before the mounted horse; showing deference to an emissary", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 148, "page": null }, "note": "Also attested reversed at lines 2608 and 8352; partial variant at line 1643.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "na matawai amahu — na pada njara hamu", "gloss_id": "sumber mata air emas dan padang kuda bagus; dikatakan tentang pihak yera (pemberi wanita) sebagai sumber kemakmuran. Pemberi istri dan penerima istri adalah dua sisi aliansi perkawinan asimetris Sumba Timur: marga pemberi istri (yera) adalah pihak senior yang memberi kehidupan, dan marga penerima istri (anakawini) mengambil perempuannya. Pertukarannya tetap dan berlawanan — yera memberi perempuan, kain, dan babi; anakawini membalas dengan kuda dan mamuli emas — dan ikatan itu, sekali terjalin, berjalan satu arah saja, tidak pernah berbalik antara kedua marga.", "gloss_en": "the source of golden water — the paddock of fine horses; said in praise of wife-givers as a source of prosperity. Wife-givers and wife-receivers are the two sides of East Sumba's asymmetric marriage alliance: the wife-giving clan (yera) is the senior, life-giving side, and the wife-receiving clan (anakawini) takes its women. The exchange is fixed and opposed — the yera give women, cloth and pigs; the anakawini return horses and gold mamuli — and the tie, once made, runs one way only, never reversing between the two clans.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 300, "page": null }, "note": "Also attested reversed as 'pada njara hamu — matawai amahu' at lines 8419 and 10755.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "ana njara ndondapu mandokungu papala — karambua kambihu makubaru mananga", "gloss_id": "anak kuda kecil tidak tahu jurang dan kerbau sehasta mengacaukan muara; dikatakan tentang anak muda yang bertindak ceroboh karena belum berpengalaman", "gloss_en": "the young foal that does not know the river crossing — the small buffalo disrupting the estuary; said of reckless youth acting without experience", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 370, "page": null }, "note": "Also attested at lines 3112, 3757 (entry 986, variant word order: 'na karambua kambihu na makubaru mananga — na ana njara ndondapu na manda pingu kela').", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "na wuru angga lii — na njara angga rehi", "gloss_id": "periuk upacara dan kuda upacara; dikatakan tentang hewan dan bejana untuk upacara adat", "gloss_en": "the ritual cooking pot — the ceremonial horse; said of animals and vessels for customary ritual", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 491, "page": null }, "note": "Gloss partially cut off in OCR; context from surrounding entries 101–102. [OCR uncertain — verify against print]", "uncertain": true }, { "kambera": "mababa ngandi — mahondu njara", "gloss_id": "yang membawa beban dan yang menambat kuda; dikatakan tentang kewajiban pengiring atau pelayan. Dalam tatanan sosial Sumba Timur, pengiring ini adalah ata (hamba dalam bahasa Kambera) — golongan pelayan turun-temurun, bukan budak utang.", "gloss_en": "carrying the load — tethering the horse; said of the duty of an escort or attendant. In the East Sumba social order this escort is the ata (hamba in Kambera) — the hereditary servant class, not debt-bonded.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 576, "page": null }, "note": "Also attested as 'na mapaingu ngandi — na mahondu njara' at line 8535.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "talora mbinu njara — bangga mbinu tau", "gloss_id": "halaman penuh kuda dan balai-balai penuh orang; dikatakan tentang semua tamu sudah tiba", "gloss_en": "the courtyard full of horses — the sitting-platform full of people; said when all guests have arrived", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 710, "page": null }, "note": "Reversed form 'njara mbinu hondu — tau mbinu bangga' at lines 712 and 6835; also attested at line 9940.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "nanjanga na njara pakaliti — nabeli na ahu pakariangu", "gloss_id": "kuda yang ditunggang berbalik dan anjing pengiring kembali; dikatakan tentang utusan yang telah kembali", "gloss_en": "the ridden horse turns back — the accompanying dog returns; said of an emissary returning", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 799, "page": null }, "note": "Also attested at lines 7619, 7647; first-person shortened form 'nanjanga na njaranggu — nabeli na ahunggu' at line 7644.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "daki dua la njara — hada pera tau", "gloss_id": "berdekatan seperti sepasang kuda dan bangun bersama seperti orang; dikatakan tentang mereka yang selalu bekerja sama", "gloss_en": "close together like horses — rising together like people; said of those who always cooperate", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 899, "page": null }, "note": "Reversed variant 'pahada pera taungu — pandaki dua la njarangu' at line 1328; also attested reversed at line 8865.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "njara katiku dangangu — manu ramba reti", "gloss_id": "Kuda hulu iringan dan ayam penyapu kubur: dikatakan tentang hewan-hewan (kuda, kerbau) yang dikurbankan pada waktu pemakaman sebagai pengiring si mati; ayam penyapu kubur diikat dekat kubur; yang dimaksud ialah hamba yang wajib mendampingi jenazah tuannya selama belum dimakamkan.", "gloss_en": "The lead horse of the funeral procession — the chicken that sweeps the grave: said of the animals (horses, buffalo) sacrificed at burial as escort of the deceased; the grave-sweeping chicken is tied near the grave; the deeper referent is the retainer obliged to accompany their lord's corpse until burial.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": 205, "line": 921, "page": "p.20" }, "note": "Also attested as entry 1077 (line 4042), same wording. Directly names mortuary horse sacrifice." }, { "kambera": "dangangu njara katiku dangangu — manu ramba reti", "gloss_id": "kuda kepala iring-iringan dan ayam yang menyapu kuburan; dikatakan tentang hewan-hewan korban pada upacara pemakaman", "gloss_en": "head horse of the funeral procession — the grave-sweeping chicken; said of sacrificial animals at burial", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": 205, "line": 921, "page": null }, "note": "Entry number 205 sighted in context.", "uncertain": false, "shelved": true }, { "kambera": "dola wihi njara — riti wunggu wei", "gloss_id": "borok kaki kuda dan berdiri tegak punggung kerbau; dikatakan tentang penyakit yang menimpa ternak sebagai lambang penyakit yang menimpa masyarakat", "gloss_en": "sores on the horse's legs — bristling on the buffalo's back; a metaphor for community affliction manifesting as livestock disease", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 1097, "page": null }, "note": "Also attested at lines 1159, 1340; reversed form at line 1753.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "hakadtungu kutau hakadtungu — kunjara hakaheungu", "gloss_id": "seorang diri sebagai orang dan seorang diri sebagai kuda; dikatakan tentang kesendirian setelah kehilangan keluarga", "gloss_en": "I alone as a person — I alone as a horse; said of solitude after the loss of family", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": 302, "line": 1353, "page": null }, "note": "Uses 'kunjara' (variant of njara, horse). Also attested as 'njara hakaheungu — tau kakatungu' at line 2543.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "mapahama ruku taungu — pamera ruku njarangu", "gloss_id": "rata seperti jejak orang dan rata seperti jejak kuda; dikatakan tentang kesepakatan dalam musyawarah", "gloss_en": "even as people's footprint — level as the horse's footprint; said of consensus reached in deliberation", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 1464, "page": null }, "note": "Related variant 'pambulu ruku njarangu — pahama ruku taungu' at line 6963.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "handukanangga tau — handanganangga njara", "gloss_id": "aku sebagai orang yang dalam kesulitan dan sebagai kuda yang dalam kesempitan; tak ada harapan pertolongan dari siapapun", "gloss_en": "I as a person in trouble — as a horse in difficulty; said of hopelessness with no one to help", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 1568, "page": null }, "note": "OCR flag: first word appears as 'hdndukanangga' in source — likely 'handukanangga'; flagged uncertain due to garbling.", "uncertain": true }, { "kambera": "la hangga njara pakaliti — la ora ahu pakariangu", "gloss_id": "di depan kuda yang ditunggang dan di muka anjing pengiring; dikatakan tentang pendekatan yang penuh hormat", "gloss_en": "at the front of the ridden horse — before the accompanying dog; approaching with deference", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": 372, "line": 1643, "page": null }, "note": "Entry 372 sighted. Partial form of couplet family also at lines 148, 2608, 8352. Second half 'la ora ahu pakariangu' partially restored from context; OCR renders it partially legible.", "uncertain": false, "shelved": true }, { "kambera": "na mahapini la kajia njara — na maludu la kapuka wolu", "gloss_id": "bersiul di atas punggung kuda dan menyanyi di atas pucuk pohon nira; dikatakan tentang kabar tidak resmi tentang lamaran", "gloss_en": "whistling on the horse's back — singing atop the palm tree; said of informal/unofficial news of a courtship approaching", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 1702, "page": null }, "note": "Second line 'na maludu la kapuka wolu' partially inferred from surrounding gloss; gloss at line 11178 confirms 'bersiul di belakang kuda'. OCR garbles second hemistich. [OCR uncertain — verify against print]", "uncertain": true }, { "kambera": "njara mahawearitu — tau laku rengga", "gloss_id": "kuda yang cepat lari dan orang yang cepat berjalan; dikatakan tentang seorang utusan yang cekatan", "gloss_en": "the swift horse — the fast-walking man; said of a nimble messenger", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 1817, "page": null }, "note": "Also attested at lines 9319, 9915, 9922; variant with na- prefix 'na njara laku rengga — na tau beli memangu' at line 9924.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "ngia pahiwi tena — ngia pataka njara", "gloss_id": "tempat menambatkan perahu dan tempat tiba bagi kuda; dikatakan tentang tujuan suatu perjalanan", "gloss_en": "the place to moor the boat — the place to arrive for the horse; said of a journey's destination", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 1990, "page": null }, "note": "Single attestation.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "hondaru la njara — ndumuru la tau", "gloss_id": "berkelana seperti kuda dan sendirian seperti orang; dikatakan tentang keadaan bingung dan tidak menentu", "gloss_en": "wandering like a horse — alone like a person; said of a state of confusion and uncertainty", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 2012, "page": null }, "note": "Also attested at lines 7546 and 9408.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "njara huhungu — tau taka", "gloss_id": "kuda yang muncul dan orang yang tiba; dikatakan tentang kedatangan tamu", "gloss_en": "the horse that has appeared — the person who has arrived; said of the arrival of guests", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 2051, "page": null }, "note": "Single attestation.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "tamu taungu — padendu ngara njarangu", "gloss_id": "timbul seperti nama orang dan muncul seperti gelar kuda; dikatakan tentang seseorang yang namanya dan gelarnya terkenal di mana-mana", "gloss_en": "rising like a person's name — appearing like a horse's title; said of someone whose name and horse-title are famous everywhere", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 2069, "page": null }, "note": "Related form 'padendu ngara njarangu — pahunga tamu taungu' at line 7880; also attested at line 9703.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "njara hura uli-nanyaka — karambua tumbu wunggunanyaka", "gloss_id": "ia telah seperti kuda yang tumbuh taring dan kerbau yang tumbuh punggung; dikatakan tentang seseorang yang telah dewasa dan matang", "gloss_en": "it has become like a horse that has grown tusks — a buffalo that has grown a hump; said of someone who has grown up and matured", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 2120, "page": null }, "note": "Variant 'pada tumbu wunggu — njara hura uli' at line 10427; reversed as 'uli njara hura uli — kari tumbu wunggu' at line 10580.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "na mairu kari belanya — na mayuba njara raranya", "gloss_id": "yang menariknya sebagai kerbau putih dan yang menuntunnya sebagai kuda merah; dikatakan tentang pemimpin kelompok atau juara", "gloss_en": "who pulls it like a white buffalo — who leads it like a red horse; said of a group leader or champion", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 2235, "page": null }, "note": "Single attestation.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "njara jangga — mamuli rara", "gloss_id": "kuda tinggi dan mamuli (subang) merah; dikatakan tentang harta belis yang berharga: kuda dan perhiasan emas", "gloss_en": "the tall horse — the red mamuli gold earring; said of valuable bridewealth items: horse and gold ornament", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 2248, "page": null }, "note": "Single attestation.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "njara hakaheungu — tau kakatungu", "gloss_id": "kuda yang seekoran dan orang yang seorangan; dikatakan tentang kesendirian dan kesepian", "gloss_en": "a horse alone by itself — a person alone by themselves; said of being solitary and isolated", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 2543, "page": null }, "note": "Variant of entry 302 family (line 1353: 'hakadtungu kutau hakadtungu — kunjara hakaheungu').", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "kajaka njara pakajakanya la pinu pungguru — pada pakatokanya la kiri nggalu", "gloss_id": "jenjak kuda di batu-batu dan sondolan kerbau jantan; dikatakan sebagai dorongan semangat bagi para penari", "gloss_en": "the horse's hoofprint on the stones — the bull's thrust; said as encouragement for dancers", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 2603, "page": null }, "note": "Also attested at lines 8067 (entry 2214), 8431.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "kajeki kunjara bulu-mata la Taoni, ndedi kukajeki — kukarambua haduduku la Wuana, ndedi kumanundu", "gloss_id": "saya sebagai kuda polos muka di Taoni, belum melompat; dan sebagai kerbau berdiri di Wuana, belum berlari; dikatakan tentang seseorang yang masih muda dan belum berpengalaman", "gloss_en": "I as the plain-faced horse at Taoni, not yet leaping; and as the buffalo standing at Wuana, not yet running; said of someone young and inexperienced", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 2660, "page": null }, "note": "Uses 'kunjara' (variant form of njara, horse). Long form couplet with place names Taoni and Wuana.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "todamami dimi la toda kadukalatu — timbamami dimi la timba ngandi njara", "gloss_id": "kami setara seperti tara tanduk kuk dan kami seimbang seperti imbangan muatan kuda; dikatakan tentang para penari yang sempurna serasi", "gloss_en": "we are level like balanced yoke-horns — even like balanced horse-loads; said of perfectly matched dancers", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 2708, "page": null }, "note": "Also attested at lines 2773, 7834, 8746; variant 'limbamada duda: la timba njara — todamada duda la toda kadu kelatu' at line 10155; also 'toda toda kadu kolatu — timba ngandi njara' at lines 10236–10237.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "kanduku wihi njara — kataraku taaingu", "gloss_id": "dentam kaki kuda dan getar hulu tombak; dikatakan tentang kedatangan orang yang terdengar dari jauh", "gloss_en": "the thud of horse hooves — the trembling of the spear-shaft; said of the arrival of people heard from afar", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": 875, "line": 3358, "page": null }, "note": "Entry 875 sighted. Also attested at line 9544.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "na makanjakalu la hondu — na makanjaraku la timbangu", "gloss_id": "yang mencakar dalam tambatan dan yang mendering dalam timbangan; dikatakan tentang kuda yang mencakar di tambatan dan emas yang mendering di timbangan", "gloss_en": "scratching in the tether-post — ringing in the scales; said of a horse pawing at its tether and gold ringing in the balance", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 3369, "page": null }, "note": "UNCERTAIN: 'makanjaraku' may be a verb root distinct from njara (horse); but gloss context confirms horse-tethering meaning. Included with caution.", "uncertain": true }, { "kambera": "kapeta pandanga wei — kalembangu pandanga njara", "gloss_id": "jaring yang dilupa babi dan tali yang dilupa kuda; dikatakan tentang aturan dan larangan yang dilanggar orang", "gloss_en": "the net forgotten by the pig — the tether forgotten by the horse; said of rules and prohibitions that people forget", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": 923, "line": 3525, "page": null }, "note": "Entry 923 sighted. Related form 'watu pandoku njara — kapeta pandanga wei' at line 7359 (entry 2023).", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "na kapingi bai njara — na mata wai paweli", "gloss_id": "pokok induk kuda dan sumber air asal; dikatakan tentang pihak yera sebagai sumber kuda dan air", "gloss_en": "the source-stock of the horse — the origin of the water source; said of wife-givers as the origin of horses and water", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": 935, "line": 3573, "page": null }, "note": "Entry 935 sighted.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "na karambua kahanga ruku — na njara beringu tungga", "gloss_id": "kerbau yang bercabang kesan dan kuda yang terbagi surai; dikatakan tentang seorang pengantara yang tidak berat sebelah", "gloss_en": "the buffalo with a branching track — the horse with a divided mane; said of an impartial mediator", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": 985, "line": 3754, "page": null }, "note": "Entry 985 sighted. Reversed form 'njara beringu tungga — karambua kahanga ruku' at line 10482.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "handunya karoka, nggapi njara — utikinya pungu, pungu koja wei", "gloss_id": "kencangkan betis, betis yang menjepit kuda dan kedangkan tangan, tangan yang menikam babi; dikatakan sebagai ajakan bagi para pemuda-pemudi yang sedang menari", "gloss_en": "tighten the calves, calves that grip the horse, — stretch the arms, arms that spear the pig; said as an exhortation for young people dancing", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 3815, "page": null }, "note": "Extended form at line 10712: 'utikinya pungu, na pungu koja wei, koja wei kapatangu, handunya karoka, na karoka nggapi njara, nggapi njara rudungu'. Also attested at lines 8074, 9480.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "njara miri ndewa — ahu miri ura", "gloss_id": "Kuda kusam roh dan anjing kusam semangat: dikatakan tentang kuda tunggang dan anjing pengiring seseorang yang kurang roh dan semangat sehingga sial dan malang, dan menjadi malu.", "gloss_en": "A horse dim of spirit — a dog dim of soul: said of the riding horse and escort dog of a person depleted of spirit — and thus ill-fated and disgraced.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": 1772, "line": 6480, "page": "p.106" }, "note": "" }, { "kambera": "kunguna la njara, hama njarandiba — mbatina la hama maranongu", "gloss_id": "melompat di kuda seperti kuda seluruhnya dan turun ke tanah seperti malaikat; dikatakan tentang penunggang kuda yang terampil dan anggun di atas tanah", "gloss_en": "leaping onto the horse, wholly like a horse, — descending to earth like an angel; said of a skilled horse-rider who is equally elegant on foot", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 6739, "page": null }, "note": "Single attestation.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "mbumbaru mambeni — njara hangga rapa", "gloss_id": "kehebatan yang marah dan kuda yang menentang kendali; dikatakan tentang kemarahan yang amat sangat dan tidak terkendali", "gloss_en": "fury that blazes — the horse that fights its reins; said of extreme uncontrollable anger", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": 1856, "line": 6773, "page": null }, "note": "Entry 1856 sighted. Also attested at line 6981; reversed form 'nanjara hangga rapa — nambumbaru mambeni' at line 7653.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "pambokanya njara lai — katarinya ahu kehangu", "gloss_id": "menggemukkan kuda lari dan menyiapkan anjing pengejar; dikatakan tentang mempersiapkan diri untuk mengejar suatu tujuan", "gloss_en": "fattening the running horse — readying the chasing dog; said of preparing to pursue a goal", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 6853, "page": null }, "note": "Single attestation.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "pambulu ruku njarangu — pahama ruku taungu", "gloss_id": "bersatu seperti kesan kuda dan sama seperti kesan orang; dikatakan tentang kesepakatan yang dicapai dalam musyawarah", "gloss_en": "united like the horse's track — alike as people's footprint; said of consensus reached in deliberation", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 6963, "page": null }, "note": "Related to 'mapahama ruku taungu — pamera ruku njarangu' at line 1464.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "njaba panyaba njarangu — pakati kakangu", "gloss_id": "mencakup seperti kuda dan menggigit seperti kakatua; dikatakan tentang tanda-tanda omen dalam usus ayam", "gloss_en": "encompassing like a horse — biting like a cockatoo; said of omen signs read in chicken entrails", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": 2072, "line": 7160, "page": null }, "note": "Entry 2072 sighted. Also attested at line 7552.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "nyola pamanyolanya wihi njara — pamalirunya bangga ahu", "gloss_id": "melewatkan kaki kuda dan melampaukan salak anjing; dikatakan tentang pencapaian tujuan yang memerlukan cara yang kuat", "gloss_en": "passing the horse's hooves — overcoming the dog's bark; said of pursuing a goal that requires powerful means", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 7181, "page": null }, "note": "Single attestation.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "pandabangu njara rara — paranjangu tuku kaka", "gloss_id": "membariskan kuda merah dan serentak melempar kakatua; dikatakan tentang tindakan kolektif dalam konfrontasi", "gloss_en": "lining up the red horses — simultaneously throwing the cockatoos; said of collective action in confrontation", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 7252, "page": null }, "note": "Also attested at line 9159.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "ndamangu njara pandama hondungu — ahu pandama riringu", "gloss_id": "kuda yang saling terbiasa pada ikatan dan anjing yang saling terbiasa pada pergaulan; dikatakan tentang kenalan karib", "gloss_en": "horses accustomed to each other at the tether — dogs accustomed to each other in company; said of familiar acquaintances", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 7325, "page": null }, "note": "Single attestation; also used in courtship context.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "watu pandoku njara — kapeta pandanga wei", "gloss_id": "batu yang dikhilapi kuda dan jaring yang dikelirui babi; dikatakan tentang aturan yang dilupakan sehingga mendatangkan hukuman", "gloss_en": "the stone that the horse forgets — the net that the pig forgets; said of rules forgotten that bring punishment", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": 2023, "line": 7359, "page": null }, "note": "Entry 2023 sighted. Related to 'kapeta pandanga wei — kalembangu pandanga njara' at line 3525.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "ndewa njara pakaliti — ura ahu pakariangu", "gloss_id": "roh kuda yang ditunggang dan semangat anjing yang dibawa; dikatakan tentang keberuntungan yang berdiam pada kuda dan anjing", "gloss_en": "the spirit of the ridden horse — the life-force of the accompanying dog; said of fortune residing in the horse and dog", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": 2041, "line": 7416, "page": null }, "note": "Entry 2041 sighted.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "na ndindi njarana — nahada tauna", "gloss_id": "berdiri kudanya dan bangun orangnya; dikatakan tentang penampilan fisik seseorang yang sedang dibicarakan", "gloss_en": "the horse stands up — the person rises; said of the physical bearing of someone under discussion", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 7482, "page": null }, "note": "Also attested as 'na hada tauna — na ndindi njarana' at line 9927 (entry 2746).", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "na manjanga njara — na manjanga karambua", "gloss_id": "yang menjaga kuda dan yang menjaga kerbau; dikatakan tentang penjaga ternak", "gloss_en": "the one who guards the horses — the one who guards the buffaloes; said of a guardian of livestock", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 7609, "page": null }, "note": "Single attestation.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "nanjara mbana ngaru — na ahu tara ngandu", "gloss_id": "ia seperti kuda panas mulut dan seperti anjing tajam gigi; dikatakan tentang orang yang berbahaya dan agresif", "gloss_en": "like a horse with a hot mouth — like a dog with sharp teeth; said of a dangerous or aggressive person", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 7650, "page": null }, "note": "Single attestation.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "njara pakaliti — ahu pakariangu", "gloss_id": "kuda yang ditunggang dan anjing pengiring; dikatakan tentang pasangan utusan: kuda dan anjing sebagai lambang", "gloss_en": "the ridden horse — the accompanying dog; the canonical couplet pair for emissary/messenger contexts", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 7663, "page": null }, "note": "Base headword form; appears at lines 7663–7664 as a standalone entry. This couplet pair underlies many entries throughout the corpus.", "uncertain": false, "shelved": true }, { "kambera": "nanjara njala wihinya — natemi ndoku limanya", "gloss_id": "ia seperti kuda yang kakinya tersalah dan seperti taming yang keliru ditangani; dikatakan tentang orang yang bertindak keliru dalam sesuatu hal", "gloss_en": "like a horse that has gone wrong-footed — like a shield grasped incorrectly; said of someone acting incorrectly", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 7665, "page": null }, "note": "Also attested in fragmented form at line 11063.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "na njara papalandungu — na karambua papawiringu", "gloss_id": "kuda yang diberi berjambul dan kerbau yang diberi berjanur; dikatakan tentang hewan upacara yang dihias untuk disembelih", "gloss_en": "the horse adorned with a plume — the buffalo decorated with palm-leaf ornament; said of ritual animals dressed for sacrifice", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": 2100, "line": 7674, "page": null }, "note": "Entry 2100 sighted.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "kawunga njili njara — kawunga onja ahu", "gloss_id": "permulaan payah kuda dan permulaan lelah anjing; dikatakan tentang awal perjalanan leluhur merintis pemukiman baru", "gloss_en": "the beginning of the horse's toil — the beginning of the dog's fatigue; said of the start of an ancestral journey to a new settlement", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": 2107, "line": 7701, "page": null }, "note": "Entry 2107 sighted. Also attested as 'njili njara pakaliti — onja ahu pakariangu' at line 8341 and reversed at line 8338.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "hahanya la rehi njara — wunganya la liti nganji", "gloss_id": "dahulukan batas seperti batas kuda dan pertamakan injak seperti injak tangguk; dikatakan tentang perencanaan yang matang sebelum bertindak", "gloss_en": "put the horse-boundary first — prioritise the stepping as on a fish-trap step; said of proper advance planning before acting", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 7852, "page": null }, "note": "Also attested at lines 9277 and 11372.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "kati ngandu ahu — kataku lima njara", "gloss_id": "gigit seperti gigi anjing dan sambut seperti tangan kuda; dikatakan tentang menerima atau menyambut dengan kekuatan", "gloss_en": "bite like a dog's teeth — receive like a horse's forehoof; said of receiving or welcoming with strength", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": 2153, "line": 7866, "page": null }, "note": "Entry 2153 sighted.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "padendu ngara njarangu — pahunga tamu taungu", "gloss_id": "muncul sebagai gelar kuda dan timbul sebagai nama orang; dikatakan tentang seseorang yang terkenal di mana-mana", "gloss_en": "appearing as a horse's title — rising as a person's name; said of someone famous everywhere", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 7880, "page": null }, "note": "Also attested at lines 2069 and 9703.", "uncertain": false, "shelved": true }, { "kambera": "ngaru peka ndoku — lima piti njarangu", "gloss_id": "mulut berkata keliru dan tangan mengambil salah; dikatakan tentang pengakuan kesalahan dalam perkataan atau perbuatan", "gloss_en": "the mouth spoke wrongly — the horse's hoof-hand took incorrectly; said of an admission of error in word or deed", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 7905, "page": null }, "note": "OCR note: 'lima piti njarangu' — the phrase 'lima njara' (horse's hand/foreleg) is used for the horse's hoof in this context.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "ngiu hangiu njara ahu — hataulu katopu", "gloss_id": "seekor kuda anjing dan sebilah parang; dikatakan tentang belis jaman dulu: seekor anjing mengganti kuda dan sebilah parang", "gloss_en": "a horse-dog unit — a blade; said of old-fashioned bridewealth in which a dog substituted for a horse, together with a blade", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": 2191, "line": 7965, "page": null }, "note": "Entry 2191 sighted. Also attested at line 9954.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "nggata wihi njara-nggunya — rengga tau karia-nggunya", "gloss_id": "tangkas kaki kuda dan segera orang pengiringku; dikatakan tentang ketergesa-gesaan, tidak ada waktu untuk menunggu", "gloss_en": "the horse's hooves are nimble — my escort is swift; said of being in a hurry with no time to wait", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 8088, "page": null }, "note": "Single attestation.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "ambu nggumangu pahondaru la tau — ambu lumungu pandumuru la njara", "gloss_id": "jangan ingat sendirian seperti orang dan jangan tinggal berdiri seperti kuda; dikatakan tentang kebingungan dan kekalutan", "gloss_en": "do not think alone like a person — do not stand still like a horse; said of bewilderment and confusion", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 8272, "page": null }, "note": "Single attestation.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "na pada bulu mati — na njara kabu ruku", "gloss_id": "kerbau jantan yang bersih naung dan kuda yang hancur...; [gloss garbled in OCR]", "gloss_en": "the clean-sheltering bull — the horse that is broken/spent", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 8451, "page": null }, "note": "Gloss truncated/garbled in OCR; meaning uncertain.", "uncertain": true }, { "kambera": "na liku pai mbeka — na kaloru hondu njara", "gloss_id": "tali pengikat besar dan tali penambat kuda; dikatakan tentang dua jenis tali pengikat", "gloss_en": "the large binding rope — the horse's tether rope; said of different types of binding cord", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 8531, "page": null }, "note": "Single attestation.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "nda kunjara hau palai — nda kuahu hau bangga", "gloss_id": "saya bukan kuda yang larinya lain dan bukan anjing yang gonggongannya lain; dikatakan tentang bertindak sesuai adat yang benar", "gloss_en": "I am not a horse that runs differently — not a dog that barks differently; said of acting according to proper custom", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 8581, "page": null }, "note": "Uses 'kunjara' (variant of njara). Related to 'na njara palai hora — na ahu bangga njarangu' at line 8585.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "na njara palai hora — na ahu bangga njarangu", "gloss_id": "kuda yang lari sembarangan dan anjing yang gonggong kesasar; dikatakan tentang bertindak bertentangan dengan norma yang berlaku", "gloss_en": "the horse that runs haphazardly — the dog that barks astray; said of acting contrary to established norms", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 8585, "page": null }, "note": "Related to 'nda kunjara hau palai — nda kuahu hau bangga' at line 8581.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "na njara li palindi — na ahu li kanjonga", "gloss_id": "kuda yang melalui pegunungan dan anjing yang melalui lembah; dikatakan tentang seorang pengantara antara dua pihak", "gloss_en": "the horse that goes through the mountains — the dog that goes through the valley; said of a mediator between two parties", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": 2369, "line": 8597, "page": null }, "note": "Entry 2369 sighted.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "na njara maparama — na manu mapawulu", "gloss_id": "kuda yang berlaga dan ayam yang bersabung; dikatakan tentang para penari yang bergerak seperti kuda berlaga dan ayam bersabung", "gloss_en": "the competing horse — the fighting rooster; said of dancers who move like competing horses and fighting cocks", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": 2425, "line": 8780, "page": null }, "note": "Entry 2425 sighted.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "pawilikungu rambahu — panjanjarungu njara", "gloss_id": "mengayunkan cambuk dan menderetkan kuda; dikatakan tentang perjalanan berkuda dengan cambuk", "gloss_en": "swinging the whip — lining up the horses; said of travelling on horseback with a whip", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": 2529, "line": 9118, "page": null }, "note": "Entry 2529 sighted.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "rapa ndedi nayeulu la rapa njara — ndedi natoma la kela nimbu", "gloss_id": "ia belum mencapai kendali kuda dan belum menggapai galangan tombak; dikatakan tentang anak yang masih kecil yang belum dapat melakukan tugasnya sebagai orang dewasa", "gloss_en": "not yet reaching the horse's reins — not yet grasping the spear-rack; said of a child too young to perform adult duties", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": 2540, "line": 9185, "page": null }, "note": "Entry 2540 sighted. Variant 'yeulu ndedi nayeulu la rapa njara — ndedi natoma la kela nimbu' at line 11460.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "panedingu rapa njara — patokungu kiri kadu", "gloss_id": "menahan kendali kuda dan menekankan ujung tanduk; dikatakan tentang berhenti sementara dalam suatu perjalanan", "gloss_en": "holding back the horse's reins — pressing the horn-tip; said of pausing temporarily in a journey", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 9187, "page": null }, "note": "Variant 'tokungu patokungu kiri kadu — panedingu rapa njara' at line 10252.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "njara rubi rapa — karambua tanganjiru", "gloss_id": "kuda yang merebut kendali dan kerbau yang mengangkat; dikatakan tentang ketidaktaatan dan perlawanan terhadap kekuasaan", "gloss_en": "the horse that seizes the reins — the buffalo that rears up; said of disobedience and resistance to authority", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 9478, "page": null }, "note": "Variant 'kari tidu palu — njara rubi rapa' at line 10100 (entry 2795).", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "na paruku njara jarangu — na pamata wai maramangu", "gloss_id": "seperti kesan kuda yang tak menentu dan seperti mata air yang bersumber di sana sini; dikatakan tentang pembicaraan yang tidak terarah", "gloss_en": "like a horse's track going in all directions and like a spring emerging here and there; said of aimless and unfocused discussion", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 9493, "page": null }, "note": "Single attestation.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "maruru njara — kaweda wei", "gloss_id": "kuda renta dan babi tua; dikatakan tentang seseorang yang sangat lanjut usia", "gloss_en": "the worn-out horse — the old pig; said of someone of very advanced age", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 9514, "page": null }, "note": "Single attestation.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "nda ningupa kananda kabu wituna — nda ningupa kamumu tai njarana", "gloss_id": "tak ada lagi sisa hancuran alang-alangnya dan tak ada lagi sisa kotoran kudanya; dikatakan tentang semua jejak kehidupan seseorang yang telah lenyap", "gloss_en": "no more remains of its crushed thatch — no more remains of the horse's droppings; said when all traces of a person's life have vanished", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 9589, "page": null }, "note": "Single attestation.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "tairi la tangairi malangga waina — njara luku lalangu na mamaja ningguna", "gloss_id": "ikan teri dari Tangairi yang enak kuahnya dan kuda Luku Lalang yang halus tarinya; dikatakan tentang sesuatu yang mencapai hasil yang memuaskan", "gloss_en": "the anchovy from Tangairi with its good broth — the Luku Lalang horse with its smooth gait; said of something reaching a satisfying conclusion", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 9593, "page": null }, "note": "Single attestation. References specific place name Luku Lalang.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "taluki tamelinau taluki — kaliti njara[...]makapadaku", "gloss_id": "[garbled — gloss not recoverable from OCR]", "gloss_en": "[garbled — not translatable]", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 9664, "page": null }, "note": "Severely garbled OCR: line reads 'taluki tamelinau taluki — kaliti njara2679.makapadaku' — entry number 2679 merged into text; gloss not recoverable. Included as attestation of njara couplet; meaning uncertain.", "uncertain": true, "shelved": true }, { "kambera": "na tau luangu lii — na njara luangu laku", "gloss_id": "orang yang bertugas bicara dan kuda yang bertugas jalan; dikatakan tentang seorang utusan", "gloss_en": "the person whose duty is to speak — the horse whose duty is to walk; said of an emissary", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": 2742, "line": 9912, "page": null }, "note": "Entry 2742 sighted.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "tau bokulu — njara hunga", "gloss_id": "orang besar dan kuda masyhur; dikatakan tentang bangsawan dan orang kaya", "gloss_en": "the great person — the renowned horse; said of nobles and wealthy people", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": 2745, "line": 9924, "page": null }, "note": "Entry 2745 sighted.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "na hada tauna — na ndindi njarana", "gloss_id": "wajah orangnya dan bangun kudanya; dikatakan tentang seseorang atau sesuatu yang sedang ditanyakan keadaannya", "gloss_en": "the person's face — the horse's bearing; said of someone or something whose condition is being enquired about", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": 2746, "line": 9927, "page": null }, "note": "Entry 2746 sighted. Reversed form 'na ndindi njarana — nahada tauna' at line 7482.", "uncertain": false, "shelved": true }, { "kambera": "njara panda tauku — karambua panda awahu", "gloss_id": "kuda yang tak diempangi dan kerbau yang tak dicegah; dikatakan tentang seseorang yang tidak taat pada perintah", "gloss_en": "the horse that is not reined in — the buffalo that is not restrained; said of someone insubordinate and ungovernable", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 9943, "page": null }, "note": "Single attestation.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "na-njara tidungu — na-wei kawanga", "gloss_id": "ia seperti kuda yang membangkang dan seperti babi yang tuli; dikatakan tentang orang yang suka melawan, tak mau mendengar teguran dan nasihat", "gloss_en": "like a horse that is stubborn/rearing — like a deaf pig; said of someone rebellious who refuses to heed advice", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": 2797, "line": 10109, "page": "p.158" }, "note": "Entry 2797 sighted. Page marker [p.158] appears at line 10106, before this entry.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "tola nakataka tola — nanjara ndumuru", "gloss_id": "ia seperti kapak tegak dan seperti kuda berdiri; dikatakan tentang orang tolol yang terbingung-bingung, tak tahu mau kata apa atau mau buat apa", "gloss_en": "like an upright axe — like a standing horse; said of a fool who is completely confused and does not know what to say or do", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 10261, "page": "p.160" }, "note": "Page marker [p.160] appears at line 10258, before this entry. Extended negative form 'Ambu nakataka tola la bulu woka — ambu na njara ndumuru la padua talora' at line 11151 (entry 3089).", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "ahu tundungu — njara kikungu", "gloss_id": "tan sebagai anjing menurut dan sebagai kuda mengikut; dikatakan tentang sifat orang yang taat dan penurut", "gloss_en": "obedient as a following dog — compliant as a following horse; said of a person who is obedient and compliant", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 10464, "page": null }, "note": "Single attestation.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "njara mapandewa — ahu mapaura", "gloss_id": "kuda yang bersemangat dan anjing yang bertenaga; [gloss context disrupted by OCR merge]", "gloss_en": "the spirited horse — the energetic dog; [gloss context garbled by OCR column-merge]", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 10666, "page": null }, "note": "Gloss at line 10666 is a merge from different entry ('suatu perbuatan yang merusak'); partial gloss fragment at line 10680 gives 'kuda yang bersemangat'. Included as sighted couplet with uncertain gloss.", "uncertain": true, "shelved": true }, { "kambera": "ngepiya la njara — hdhaya la wei", "gloss_id": "jepit seperti kuda dan desak seperti babi; dikatakan tentang satu pihak memaksa pihak yang lain", "gloss_en": "press like a horse — force like a pig; said of one party pressuring and coercing another", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": 3045, "line": 11001, "page": null }, "note": "Entry 3045 sighted. OCR flag: 'hdhaya' likely 'hahaya' or 'hadaya' — flagged uncertain.", "uncertain": true }, { "kambera": "yila tena yila mbeni — njara iru lerangu", "gloss_id": "perahu ditarik dengan marah dan kuda dituntun semena-mena; dikatakan tentang orang yang merampas milik orang lain", "gloss_en": "a boat hauled in anger — a horse led arbitrarily; said of someone who seizes another person's property", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 11475, "page": "p.177" }, "note": "Page marker [p.177] appears at line 11479 (just after this entry). Entry spans lines 11475–11476.", "uncertain": false } ], "lawiti_freq": 154, "rejected": [ "2002.537", "MOA 18117V21", "asian-museums/ACM_2000-01257_Hanging_horses_ikat_.jpg", "mfa-sumba/mfa-sumba_MFA_2009_2771.jpg", "european-museums/MAA_2004.82_Sumba_blue_ikat_horses_2260x2580mm.jpg", "bm-sumba/BM_As1949-09-2.jpg", "quaibranly-sumba/70-2001-27-300.jpg", "quaibranly-sumba/70-2001-27-298.jpg", "quaibranly-sumba/70-2001-27-583.jpg", "quaibranly-sumba/70-2001-27-558.jpg", "quaibranly-sumba/70-2001-27-309.jpg", "quaibranly-sumba/70-2001-27-733-1-2.jpg", "quaibranly-sumba/70-2001-27-730.jpg", "quaibranly-sumba/70-2001-27-608.jpg", "quaibranly-sumba/70-2001-27-607.jpg", "quaibranly-sumba/70-2001-27-752.jpg", "quaibranly-sumba/70-2001-27-744.jpg", "quaibranly-sumba/70-2001-27-734.jpg", "quaibranly-sumba/71-1955-68-53.jpg", "quaibranly-sumba/70-2020-29-9.jpg", "mfa-sumba/mfa-sumba_MFA_30_786.jpg", "mfa-sumba/mfa-sumba_MFA_30_793.jpg", "10.2.62/7" ] }, { "id": "manu", "kambera": "manu", "name_en": "Rooster / chicken", "name_id": "Ayam", "category": "animal", "main": true, "binomial": "Gallus gallus domesticus", "adams": "pp.33, 139, 160", "desc_en": "Sacrificial and divinatory bird: the priest reads the entrails, ritual prescribes the colours of the consecrated fowl, and the fighting cock stands for the warrior.", "desc_id": "Unggas kurban dan tilikan: imam membaca usus ayam, upacara menentukan warna ayam yang dikuduskan, dan ayam jago menjadi kiasan pahlawan.", "objects": [ "23.5.66/9", "MOA 18117V21", "bm-sumba/BM_As1949-09-2.jpg", "bm-sumba/BM_As1949-09-3.jpg", "bm-sumba/BM_As1949-10-1.jpg", "mfa-sumba/mfa-sumba_MFA_30_791.jpg", "quaibranly-sumba/70-2001-27-102.jpg", "quaibranly-sumba/70-2001-27-105.jpg", "quaibranly-sumba/70-2001-27-229-1-5.jpg", "quaibranly-sumba/70-2001-27-558.jpg", "quaibranly-sumba/70-2001-27-614.jpg", "quaibranly-sumba/70-2001-27-730.jpg" ], "couplets": [ { "kambera": "ana wei kawondi — ana manu ramu", "gloss_id": "anak babi montok dan anak ayam muda: dikatakan tentang kemenakan, paman terhadap anak dari saudara perempuan atau pihak 'yera' terhadap 'anakawini', untuk menyatakan rasa kasih sayang dalam pengertian anak yang senantiasa diasuh dan dipelihara dengan baik", "gloss_en": "plump piglet — young chicken: said of nephews/nieces — the uncle toward the children of his sister, or the wife-giving side toward the wife-taking side — expressing affection in the sense of a child who is always cared for and looked after well", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": 63, "line": 330, "page": "p.10" }, "note": "Also attested as entry 1152 at line 4339 (cross-reference under keyword 'kawondi'). Page p.10 marker appears at line 334.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "da madiliya la wihi, la wihi ana manu — da mawunggunya la lima, la lima wua kambii", "gloss_id": "yang menginjak dengan kaki, kaki anak ayam dan yang menggenggam dengan tangan, tangan buah kacang: ditujukan kepada para penari, yang menari dengan kaki yang halus seperti kaki anak ayam dan yang mempergunakan tangan yang halus seperti buah kacang", "gloss_en": "treading with feet like the feet of a young chick, grasping with hands like the fruit of a bean: addressed to dancers, who dance with feet as delicate as a chick's feet and with hands as fine as bean pods", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 365, "page": null }, "note": "Entry number not clearly legible in OCR at this line (area of entries 72-74). Same image recurs as entry 226 (line 1037), entry 804 (line 3105), and entry 1464 (line 5362) under different keywords — all variants of the 'wihi ana manu / lima wua kambii' dancer-praise formula.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "na mowalu maaya — na manu mamaeri", "gloss_id": "undi yang kakak dan ayam yang adik: mengenai alat-alat ramalan, yang pertama-tama dipakai untuk meramal adalah 'mowalu' (undi), ramalan undi ini kemudian akan dikuatkan lagi dengan memeriksa keadaan urat-urat dalam tali perut ayam, bila keduanya telah sesuai barulah orang memastikan sesuatu peristiwa yang akan terjadi, baik atau buruk", "gloss_en": "the senior divination cord — the junior chicken: regarding divination implements — the first used for divination is the 'mowalu' (divination cord), whose result is then confirmed by examining the state of the intestines of a chicken; only when both agree may one determine whether a coming event will be good or bad", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": 117, "line": 549, "page": "p.14" }, "note": "Entry 117 confirmed. Page p.14 marker at line 561. Also attested as entry 1559 at line 5687 (cross-reference under keyword 'maaya').", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "mowalu pabaka — manu mapabetangu", "gloss_id": "undi yang mencegah dan ayam yang menghalangi: sesuatu bahaya atau penyakit dapat dicegah atau dihindarkan oleh pernyataan undi dan urat ayam, karena dengan mengetahui sebab-musabab bahaya atau penyakit itu, orang akan segera berusaha menenangkan dan menyenangkannya sehingga bahaya atau penyakit dapat terhindar", "gloss_en": "the divination cord that prevents — the chicken that blocks: a danger or illness can be averted by the pronouncement of the divination cord and the chicken's intestines — knowing the cause of the danger or illness, one will immediately try to appease it so that the danger or illness can be averted", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 650, "page": null }, "note": "Entry number not clearly legible (area around 138-139). Also attested as entry 1789 at line 6529 in negated form ('nda namowalu pabaka — nda namanu mapabetangu'), and under keyword 'pabetangu' at line 8388 ('na mowalu pabaka na manu mapabetangu') with gloss: 'dikatakan tentang ramalan yang nyata dalam mowalu (undi) dan dalam ura manu (urat ayam)'. Page marker not sighted immediately before.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "bara manu rara nggoru — ahu bara lima", "gloss_id": "ayam merah leher dan anjing putih tangan (kaki muka): ungkapan ditujukan kepada pengantin yang mengalungkan mutisalak pada leher dan yang memakai gelang gading pada tangan, seolah-olah ayam yang merah leher dan anjing yang putih tangan", "gloss_en": "red-necked chicken — white-pawed dog: addressed to a bride or groom who wears mutisalak beads around the neck and an ivory bracelet on the wrist — as if a red-necked chicken and a white-footed dog", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 743, "page": null }, "note": "Entry number not clearly legible (area around 159-160). Page marker not sighted immediately before.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "manu bara burahu — manu yarahu kalongga", "gloss_id": "ayam putih dan bersih, ayam ceriah dan lapang: keadaan usus ayam yang diramalkan oleh imam (yang berdoa) agar disesuaikan oleh Marapu (dewa/leluhur) sebagai tanda bahwa permohonan dan pengharapan yang dipersembahkan itu mendapat sambutan baik dari dewata", "gloss_en": "chicken white and clean, chicken bright and spacious: the state of the chicken's intestines as prayed for by the priest — that the Marapu (deities/ancestors) will arrange them as a sign that the prayer and hopes offered have been favourably received by the spirits", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 755, "page": "p.17" }, "note": "Entry number not clearly legible (area around 163-164). Page p.17 marker at line 758.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "dangangu njara katiku dangangu — manu ramba reti", "gloss_id": "kuda hulu iringan dan ayam keterangan (penyapu kubur): hewan-hewan yang dikurbankan pada waktu pemakaman, yang merupakan pengiring simati; tentang ayam penyapu kubur, itulah ayam yang diikat dekat kubur sementara disediakan", "gloss_en": "the horse at the head of the funerary procession — the chicken that marks the grave: the animals sacrificed at burial to accompany the deceased; the grave-sweeping chicken is tied near the grave while preparations are made", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": 205, "line": 921, "page": null }, "note": "Entry 205 confirmed. Also attested as entry 1077 at line 4042 under keyword 'katiku' (form: 'njara katiku dangangu — manu ramba reti'). Page marker not sighted immediately before.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "dili diliya la wihi — la wihi ana manu, wunggunya la lima — la lima wua kambii", "gloss_id": "injak dengan kaki sebagai kaki anak ayam, genggam dengan tangan sebagai buah kacang: kata-kata ajakan bagi para penari wanita dan pria, mereka disanjung-sanjung dengan keindahan tubuh mereka, yang kakinya halus sebagai kaki anak ayam dan jari-jarinya halus sebagai buah kacang, maksud untuk merangsang para penari itu supaya dengan giat dan bersungguh-sungguh memperlihatkan kesenian tari mereka", "gloss_en": "tread with feet like a chick's feet, grasp with hands like bean pods: invitation-words for male and female dancers, praising their graceful physique — feet as delicate as a chick's, fingers as fine as bean pods — to inspire the dancers to perform their art with enthusiasm and dedication", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": 226, "line": 1037, "page": "p.22" }, "note": "Entry 226 confirmed at line 1037. Page p.22 marker at line 1048. Variant of the same image as lines 365, 3105, 5362.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "duyangu lunggunya na manu — na manu manda duyangu, temaha da pahapa — da pahapa manda nggabungu", "gloss_id": "menggendung ayam-ayam yang tidak bercacat dan menadah sirih pinang, sirih pinang yang tak tumpah: dikatakan tentang membawa persembahan sajian makanan dan sirih pinang; sajian makanan itu selain dari nasi juga daging ayam, dan ayam itu haruslah tidak bercacat; demikian pula sirih pinang harus dibawa dengan khidmat sehingga tak boleh tumpah; singkatnya membawa persembahan kepada para dewata dengan penuh hormat dan khidmat", "gloss_en": "carrying unblemished chickens — holding betel-areca without spilling: said of presenting ritual offerings of food (including rice and chicken meat — the chicken must be without blemish) and betel-areca, which must be carried with such reverence that not a drop is spilled — in short, bringing offerings to the deities with full respect and solemnity", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 1130, "page": null }, "note": "Entry number not clearly legible (area around 245-246). Page marker not sighted immediately before. Four-part couplet spanning one OCR line.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "doparu manu doparu hanggangu — manu mbalaru mbanitu", "gloss_id": "ayam yang menuju dan menghadap, ayam yang luas dan kencang: ucapan imam terhadap para dewata dan para leluhur, ayam yang dipakai untuk semahan itu, urat-urat dalam tali perutnya kiranya keadaannya cocok dengan tanda-tanda yang disebutnya itu, yaitu urat-urat tali perut itu berpegang pada lingkaran yang besar dan bagian tali perut yang diperiksa berkeadaan luas, sehingga tanda-tanda yang diminta itu cocok dengan yang terdapat pada tali perut yang menyatakan bahwa permohonannya diterima/disetujui oleh para dewa dan para leluhur", "gloss_en": "the chicken that advances and faces forward, the chicken wide and firm: words of the priest directed toward the deities and ancestors — that the intestines of the sacrificial chicken may be in the state described: the loops resting on a large ring and the examined section spread wide, so that the sought signs match the intestines, signifying that the prayer has been accepted by the gods and ancestors", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 1165, "page": "p.24" }, "note": "Entry number not clearly legible (area around 252-254). Page p.24 marker at line 1161. OCR renders 'Ia' for 'la' throughout — silently corrected.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "napaeti wei rumbangu — napaura manu tatangu", "gloss_id": "ia berhati seperti babi hutan dan berurat seperti ayam liar: dikatakan terhadap orang bersipat dan bertindak liar, tidak menghiraukan tata cara hidup yang dianut oleh masyarakat setempat, orang yang tidak sopan, berlaku kasar", "gloss_en": "he has the heart of a wild pig — the sinews of a wild chicken: said of a person who behaves and acts wildly, disregarding the social norms of the local community — someone uncouth and rough in conduct", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 1255, "page": null }, "note": "Entry number not clearly legible (area around 276-277). Page marker not sighted immediately before.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "ambu hapili la kiku manu rara — ambu tanganjiru la ngora wei tana", "gloss_id": "jangan miring seperti ekor ayam merah dan jangan tengadah seperti moncong babi perang: dikatakan tentang suatu sikap seseorang terhadap yang lain, yang satu mau mengelakkan diri dari yang lain, bila bertemu tidak mau melihat teman, tetapi membelokkan muka ke kiri atau ke kanan, atau mengangkat muka ke atas, sebab itu kawannya minta jangan ia berlaku demikian", "gloss_en": "do not tilt like the tail of a red cock — do not hold the snout up like a war pig: said of a person's attitude toward another — one who tries to avoid the other, upon meeting looks away rather than at the friend, turning the face left or right or lifting it upward; the friend therefore asks him not to behave this way", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 1692, "page": null }, "note": "Entry number not clearly legible (area around 387-388). Couplet spans lines 1692-1693. Page marker not sighted immediately before. See also related image at line 6262 (entry 1717).", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "la patama lodu — la pahei manu", "gloss_id": "pada waktu masuk matahari dan pada waktu ayam naik: dikatakan tentang waktu petang, ayam naik ke bubungan rumah atau ke atas pohon", "gloss_en": "at the time of the entering of the sun — at the time of the chickens going up: said of the evening hour — when chickens ascend to the ridgepole of the house or into the trees", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 1835, "page": null }, "note": "Entry number not clearly legible (area around 423-424). Page marker not sighted immediately before. Variant form at line 8202 (entry 2255): 'la nggirungu la tama lodu — la malingu la hei manu' — 'pada waktu senja masuk matahari dan pada waktu petang naik ayam (ke atap rumah)'.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "kahinggaru ahinggaru la wei mbera — tanyalangu la manu mutungu", "gloss_id": "berpisah seperti babi kalah (perang) dan tercerai seperti ayam kebakaran (kampung): dikatakan tentang suatu perpisahan keluarga atau kelompok yang tadinya masih bersama-sama sekarang harus tercerai-berai", "gloss_en": "scattered like pigs fleeing defeat — dispersed like chickens in a village fire: said of the separation and scattering of a family or group that was previously together", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 2584, "page": null }, "note": "Entry number not clearly legible (area around 655-656). Also attested at line 6783 (A-B reversed: 'tanyalangu la manu mutungu — kahinggaru la wei mbera') and line 9746 ('tanyalangu tanyalangu la manu mutungu — kahinggaru wei mbera'). Page marker not sighted immediately before.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "tanyalangu la manu mutungu — kahinggaru wei mbera", "gloss_id": "bertebaran seperti ayam kebakaran dan bercerai-berai seperti babi waktu peperangan: dikatakan tentang keadaan kemasyarakatan yang hidupnya mulanya bersatu namun kemudian hidup bercerai-berai", "gloss_en": "scattered like chickens in a conflagration — dispersed like pigs in war: said of a community whose members once lived together but have since become scattered and divided", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 2584, "page": null }, "note": "Primary attestation at line 2584 ('kahinggaru ahinggaru la wei mbera — tanyalangu la manu mutungu'). Also attested at line 6783 ('tanyalangu la manu mutungu — kahinggaru la wei mbera') and line 9746 ('tanyalangu tanyalangu la manu mutungu — kahinggaru wei mbera'). All three are the same couplet, appearing under different keyword sections (ka-/ta-). Source line given is 2584 as earliest attestation; all three line numbers recorded in note.", "uncertain": false, "shelved": true }, { "kambera": "kaiku kapudiku na kaikumu, na kaiku manu raramu — tanganjiru na ngoramu, na ngora wei tana", "gloss_id": "kelingking [kaiku/kapudiku] dan [berjejak seperti kuda di atas batu-batu]: kata-kata untuk mengajak para penari wanita, agar mereka memainkan kakinya 'na kaiku manu raramu' (seperti kaki manu rara) — [menggerakkan kepala seperti kerbau jantan mendorong betina-betinanya]", "gloss_en": "little toe/finger — [treading like a horse on stones]: invitation-words for female dancers to move their feet 'like the feet of a red cock' and to move their head like a bull driving his heifers", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 2614, "page": null }, "note": "Entry number not clearly legible (area around 666-669). OCR garbled — gloss text partially obscured by two-column layout. Also attested as entry 946 at line 3628: 'kapudiku na kapudiku na kaikumu, na kaiku manu rara — na tanganjiru na ngoramu, na ngora wei tana' with gloss 'mengibaslah ekormu, ekor ayam merah dan tengadahlah moncongmu, moncong babi perang: dikatakan sebagai ucapan penyanyi batu kubur atau kayu tiang rumah, pada waktu menarik batu atau kayu itu'. Page marker not sighted immediately before. [OCR uncertain — verify against print]", "uncertain": true }, { "kambera": "kakaluku na manu makakaluku — na wei makanguku", "gloss_id": "ayam yang berkeok dan babi yang mendengus: dikatakan tentang orang yang akan bertindak membela orang yang dianiaya atau disusahkan orang", "gloss_en": "the chicken that clucks — the pig that grunts: said of someone who will act to defend a person who is being oppressed or made to suffer", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": 682, "line": 2694, "page": null }, "note": "Entry 682 confirmed. Also attested at line 5996 in shorter form: 'manu makakaluku — makanguku' (cross-reference, same gloss). Page marker not sighted immediately before.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "kalenggaru manu kalenggaru tara — wei luhu uli", "gloss_id": "ayam lengkung susuh dan babi keluar taring: dikatakan tentang ayam dan babi yang pantas untuk dibantai bagi tamu yang terhormat", "gloss_en": "chicken with curved wattles — pig with protruding tusks: said of chickens and pigs fit to be slaughtered for an honoured guest", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 2797, "page": null }, "note": "Entry number not clearly legible (area around 714-715). Page marker not sighted immediately before.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "pamanggalinya uli wei — pakalenggarunya tara manu", "gloss_id": "meliukkan taring babi dan melengkungkan susuh ayam: dikatakan tentang persediaan babi dan ayam untuk suatu upacara pemujaan penting, yang disebut 'Pamangu Ndewa' (menjamu para dewa)", "gloss_en": "curving the tusks of the pig — bending the wattles of the chicken: said of the preparation of pigs and chickens for an important ritual ceremony called 'Pamangu Ndewa' (the divine feast)", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 2802, "page": null }, "note": "Entry number not clearly legible (area around 716-717). Page marker not sighted immediately before.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "kamimiru da kamimiru da ana manu patungu pani — da kanyunyulu da ana wei patungu uhu", "gloss_id": "menggeriak anak ayam yang diberinya makan dan berkerumun anak babi yang diberinya nasi: dikatakan tentang usaha seorang ibu dalam menternakkan ayam dan babi, sebagai akibat dari kerajinannya", "gloss_en": "the chirping chicks she feeds — the clustering piglets she gives rice to: said of a mother's effort in raising chickens and pigs — the result of her diligence", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": 770, "line": 3001, "page": null }, "note": "Entry 770 confirmed. OCR garbled: 'patu:na' in source likely 'patungu'. Page marker not sighted immediately before. [OCR uncertain — verify against print]", "uncertain": true }, { "kambera": "lima wua kambii — wihi ana manu", "gloss_id": "tangan sebagai buah kacang dan kaki sebagai kaki anak ayam: dikatakan tentang keadaan jari-jari dan kaki para penari yang halus", "gloss_en": "hands like bean pods — feet like a chick's feet: said of the graceful fingers and feet of dancers", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 3105, "page": null }, "note": "Entry number not clearly legible (area around 804). A-B lines reversed relative to entry 226 (line 1037). Same image also at lines 365 and 5362. Page marker not sighted immediately before this entry.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "kanyunyulu da manu makamimiru la kawindu — da wei makanyunyulu la talora", "gloss_id": "ayam yang menggeriak di serambi dan babi yang berduyun di halaman: dikatakan tentang ternak yang menjadi milik keluarga dan tetangga", "gloss_en": "chickens chirping on the veranda — pigs crowding in the yard: said of livestock that are the shared property of the family and their neighbours", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 3246, "page": null }, "note": "Entry number not clearly legible (area around 847). Page marker not sighted immediately before.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "kapudiku na kapudiku na kaikumu, na kaiku manu rara — na tanganjiru na ngoramu, na ngora wei tana", "gloss_id": "mengibaslah ekormu, ekor ayam merah dan tengadahlah moncongmu, moncong babi perang: dikatakan sebagai ucapan penyanyi batu kubur atau kayu tiang rumah, pada waktu menarik batu atau kayu itu", "gloss_en": "shake your tail like the tail of a red cock — raise your snout like the snout of a war pig: said as the words sung by the singers pulling a grave-stone or a house post during the dragging ritual", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": 946, "line": 3628, "page": "p.63" }, "note": "Entry 946 confirmed. Page p.63 marker at line 3624. Variant of the couplet at line 2614.", "uncertain": false, "shelved": true }, { "kambera": "ahu panda kapuki — manu panda kalaa", "gloss_id": "anjing yang tak dikasim dan ayam yang tak dikebiri: dikatakan tentang anjing dan ayam untuk persembahan yang tak boleh bercacat bercela", "gloss_en": "an uncastrated dog — an uncaponised chicken: said of the dog and chicken for ritual offering, which must be without any blemish or defect", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": 959, "line": 3666, "page": null }, "note": "Entry 959 confirmed. Page marker not sighted immediately before.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "karahaku karahaku la tungu pani manu uhu wei — karinggatu la ohu ai la taku wai", "gloss_id": "cekatan dalam memberi makan ayam dan babi, dan tangkas dalam mengambil kayu api dan air minum: dikatakan sebagai citra seorang wanita yang baik, harapan suaminya", "gloss_en": "nimble in feeding the chickens and pigs, and quick in fetching firewood and drinking water: said as a portrait of a good woman — her husband's aspiration", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": 981, "line": 3738, "page": null }, "note": "Entry 981 confirmed. OCR renders 'kardhaku' at the start of the line — corrected to 'karahaku' per context and OCR pattern. Page marker not sighted immediately before.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "da karunggu pani manu da mapuru mbaru — da uta uhu wei da mapuru malingu", "gloss_id": "pecahan jagung (untuk) ayam yang turun pagi dan ampas padi (untuk) babi yang [makan] malam: [dikatakan tentang kewajiban menyediakan bahan-bahan makanan untuk ayam dan babi]", "gloss_en": "cracked corn for the chickens that come down in the morning — rice bran for the pigs that [feed] at night: [said of the duty to provide food for chickens and pigs]", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": 1025, "line": 3915, "page": null }, "note": "Entry 1025 confirmed. Gloss partially garbled by two-column OCR at this line. Also attested at line 5981 in shorter form: 'na karunggu pani manu — na uta uhu wei'. Page marker not sighted immediately before. [OCR uncertain — verify against print]", "uncertain": true }, { "kambera": "katandakungu keka manu — panggurungu karaba wai", "gloss_id": "menepukkan sangkar ayam dan menelungkupkan palung babi: dikatakan tentang suatu usaha peternakan yang gagal karena pencuri atau penyakit", "gloss_en": "overturning the chicken cage — upending the pig trough: said of a livestock-raising enterprise that has failed because of theft or disease", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": 1041, "line": 3949, "page": null }, "note": "Entry 1041 confirmed. Distinct from 'palelingu keka manu — karaba wei' (entry 1423, line 5221) which is about moving/relocating the cage rather than overturning it. Page marker not sighted immediately before.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "na manu wulu katungu — na mini romba rara", "gloss_id": "Ayam jago tengguli dan jantan padang merah: dikatakan tentang kerbau jantan merah tua; yang dimaksud adalah seorang pahlawan yang gagah berani, bersifat jantan dan bersemangat.", "gloss_en": "The crested fighting cock — the red field-bull: the intended referent is a brave warrior, virile and spirited.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": 1094, "line": 4120, "page": "p.70" }, "note": "Warrior-status formula; also attested inverted at line 9224 (~entry 2557)." }, { "kambera": "na mini romba rara — na manu wulu katungu", "gloss_id": "kerbau jantan merah (tua) dan ayam jago merah tua (tengguli): dikatakan tentang kerbau jantan merah tua dan seorang pahlawan yang gagah berani, bersifat jantan dan bersemangat; juga dikatakan sebagai perlambang para pahlawan dan panglima perang", "gloss_en": "the red bull — the deep-red cock: said of the red bull in its full maturity, as a symbol of a brave and spirited warrior; also used as an emblem of heroes and war commanders", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": 1094, "line": 4120, "page": "p.71" }, "note": "Entry 1094 confirmed. Page p.71 marker at line 4130. Also attested at line 5998 with A-B reversed ('na manu wulu katungu — na mini romba rara'); at line 9224 (entry number garbled, 'na mini romba rara — na manu wulu katungu', gloss: 'kerbau jantan merah dan ayam jago merah tua: dikatakan tentang seorang yang gagah perkasa'); and at line 9436 (entry 2614: 'mini romba rara — manu wulu katungu', gloss: 'kerbau jantan merah dan ayam jago dragam — OCR garbling of \"katungu/tenguli\" — dikatakan tentang para jago dan para pahlawan'). OCR 'kdtungu' at line 9224 corrected to 'katungu'.", "uncertain": false, "shelved": true }, { "kambera": "na kawuku mowalu — na meti manu", "gloss_id": "punjut undi dan mayat ayam: [dikatakan sebagai kata tentang alat-alat ramalan]", "gloss_en": "the knotted divination cord — the slaughtered chicken: [said as a term for divination implements]", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": 1162, "line": 4393, "page": null }, "note": "Entry 1162 confirmed. Gloss garbled by two-column OCR; the portion 'punjut undi dan mayat ayam' is sighted; the fuller gloss context is obscured. Page marker not sighted immediately before. [OCR uncertain — verify against print]", "uncertain": true }, { "kambera": "manu kawunga wakahu — kaluu kawunga njapi", "gloss_id": "ayam permulaan tetas dan pisang permulaan sisir: dikatakan sebagai julukan terhadap anak pertama, anak sulung", "gloss_en": "the first chicken to hatch — the first finger of the banana bunch: said as a term for the firstborn child", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": 1168, "line": 4402, "page": null }, "note": "Entry 1168 confirmed. Page marker not sighted immediately before.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "na ana manu mila, ki wanaki la kiri kekana — ana wei la hibu, nguku wanaki la kiri hibu", "gloss_id": "anak ayam piatu hanya menciap di bawah kurungan dan anak babi dalam sarang hanya mendengus di dalam sarang: dikatakan tentang nasib anak piatu, yang tak dapat bersuara besar dalam masyarakat karena kecilnya", "gloss_en": "the orphaned chick can only cheep beneath the cage — the orphaned piglet can only grunt inside its pen: said of the fate of an orphan child, who cannot raise a strong voice in society because of their smallness", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 4440, "page": null }, "note": "Entry number not clearly legible (area around 1178-1179). Page marker not sighted immediately before.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "hakula mata manu — hau mata epi", "gloss_id": "selekuk mata ayam dan sebuah tempat perapian: dikatakan tentang keluasan tanah yang tak seberapa, yang diberi oleh Tuan Tanah kepada kabihu atau keluarga yang baru datang, yang luasnya tak seberapa, hanya seluas lekuk mata ayam dan seluas tempat membuat api", "gloss_en": "the hollow of a chicken's eye — the space of a fire-hearth: said of a very small allocation of land given by the Tuan Tanah (land lord) to a newly arrived clan or family — only as large as the hollow of a chicken's eye and the space of a fire", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": 1264, "line": 4740, "page": "p.80" }, "note": "Entry 1264 confirmed. Page p.80 marker at line 4745. Also attested as entry 1720 at line 6278 (cross-reference under keyword 'mata').", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "winu wua kanduru patukuwangu manu, kuta wua kapala papalu wangu ahu", "gloss_id": "pinang buah terung (bulat) untuk pelempar ayam dan sirih buah palang (panjang) untuk pemukul anjing: dikatakan sebagai julukan pinang bulat besar dan buah sirih besar panjang, yang menjadi kebanggaan seorang pemuda di hadapan seorang pemudi", "gloss_en": "round areca-nut for throwing at chickens — long betel for striking dogs: said as a laudatory term for the large round areca-nut and the long betel leaf, which a young man takes pride in displaying before a young woman", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 4862, "page": "p.82" }, "note": "Entry number not clearly legible. OCR heavily garbled at this line (two-column layout). Page p.82 marker at line 4867. Kambera text reconstructed from OCR fragments — flagged uncertain.", "uncertain": true }, { "kambera": "da njara pandama hondungu — da manu pandama riringu", "gloss_id": "kuda yang berkenalan tambatan [dan] ayam yang berkenal-[ikatan]: [segendung saja rumputnya]", "gloss_en": "a horse that knows its tether-post — a chicken that knows its tether: [only as much grass as it can carry]", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 5099, "page": null }, "note": "Entry number not clearly legible (area around 1389-1390). Heavily garbled two-column OCR at this line; Kambera text partially reconstructed from fragments. Gloss also partially lost. Flagged uncertain.", "uncertain": true }, { "kambera": "palelingu keka manu — karaba wei", "gloss_id": "memindahkan kurungan ayam dan palung babi: dikatakan apabila seluruh keluarga berpindah dari satu tempat ke tempat yang lain", "gloss_en": "moving the chicken cage — the pig trough: said when an entire family moves from one place to another", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": 1423, "line": 5221, "page": null }, "note": "Entry 1423 confirmed. Also attested at line 4436 (area around entry 1177: 'keka palelingu danyaka keka manu da — karaba wei da'). Distinct from entry 1041 (line 3949: 'katandakungu keka manu — panggurungu karaba wai') which means overturning/abandoning the cage. Page marker not sighted immediately before.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "wunggunya la lima, la lima wua kambii — diliya la wihi, la wihi ana manu", "gloss_id": "genggam dalam tangan, tangan (jari) buah kacang, dan injak dengan kaki, kaki anak ayam: dikatakan terhadap para penari, terutama penari wanita, agar menyambut irama gung atau nyanyian itu dengan tangan dan kakinya dalam tarian mereka", "gloss_en": "grasp in the hand — fingers like bean pods — — tread with the foot — feet like a young chick's: addressed to dancers, especially female dancers, to meet the rhythm of gong or song with their hands and feet in their dance", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": 1464, "line": 5362, "page": null }, "note": "Entry 1464 confirmed. Page marker not sighted immediately before. Variant of the 'wihi ana manu / lima wua kambii' formula; see also lines 365, 1037, 3105.", "uncertain": false, "shelved": true }, { "kambera": "londa na londa iwi manu — na tanangga tilu tara", "gloss_id": "tali rotan ayam dan jangkar tiga cabang: dikatakan tentang tali dan jangkar perahu, tetapi keduanya melambangkan saluran air dan bandungan, yang membawa air ke sawah-sawah, yang menjadi sumber hidup manusia", "gloss_en": "the rattan cord of a chicken — the three-pronged anchor: said of the rope and anchor of a boat, but both symbolise the irrigation channel and dam that carry water to the rice fields — the source of human livelihood", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 5474, "page": null }, "note": "Entry number not clearly legible (area around 1501-1502). Page marker not sighted immediately before.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "talu watu tanjungu — manara wihi manu", "gloss_id": "menang batu tandingan dan lebih kaki ayam: dikatakan tentang permainan congkak dan sabungan ayam, batu tandingan akhir yang dipertandingkan dan kaki yang terakhir menghantam lawannya itulah yang menang; ungkapan itu dikatakan juga untuk menyatakan kemenangan dalam pertentangan berkata-kata ataupun dalam pertarungan lain", "gloss_en": "the winning stone in mancala — the prevailing leg of a fighting cock: said of the final stone in mancala-play and the last strike of the cock's leg that defeats the opponent — also used to express victory in verbal dispute or other contest", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": 1619, "line": 5939, "page": null }, "note": "Entry 1619 confirmed (entry marker at line 5956: 'talu watu tanjungu — mandra wihi manu'). Also attested at line 9658 (entry ~2678: 'talu talu watu tanjungu — manara wihi manu') and at line 9807 (entry 2711: 'na matalu watu tanjungu-na — na mamanara wihi manuna'). Page marker not sighted immediately before.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "manu ndewa — wei marapu", "gloss_id": "ayam dewata dan babi leluhur: dikatakan tentang ayam dan babi yang dikuduskan khusus untuk keperluan persembahan untuk Alkhalik melalui para dewata dan leluhur", "gloss_en": "the deity's chicken — the ancestor's pig: said of the chicken and pig consecrated specifically for offering to the Creator through the deities and ancestors", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 5983, "page": null }, "note": "Entry number not clearly legible (area around 1630-1631). Page marker not sighted immediately before.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "na kapa manu ndewa — na halili wei marapu", "gloss_id": "kepak ayam dewata dan ketiak babi leluhur: dikatakan tentang 'anakawini' (pihak yang mengambil wanita), sebab merekalah yang berkewajiban melayani sesuatu kebaktian dalam rumah pihak 'yera', mereka adalah pembantu 'ratu' (imam) dalam suatu upacara besar", "gloss_en": "the wing-hollow of the deity's chicken — the armpit of the ancestor's pig: said of the 'anakawini' (wife-taking side), who are obliged to serve in ritual at the house of the 'yera' (wife-giving side) — they are the assistants of the 'ratu' (priest) in major ceremonies", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 5986, "page": null }, "note": "Entry number not clearly legible (area around 1632-1633). Also attested at line 6172 with A-B reversed ('marapu halili wei marapu — kapa manu ndewa') under keyword 'marapu'. Page marker not sighted immediately before.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "manu rara wakihu — wei miti kumbuhu", "gloss_id": "ayam merah polos dan babi hitam legam: dikatakan tentang warna bulu ayam dan babi yang dikuduskan untuk upacara besar 'pamangu ndewa' (perjamuan dewa)", "gloss_en": "the plain red chicken — the jet-black pig: said of the coat colours of the chicken and pig consecrated for the great ceremony 'pamangu ndewa' (the divine feast)", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": 1632, "line": 5990, "page": null }, "note": "Entry 1632 confirmed. Page marker not sighted immediately before.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "manu tungu pani manu — tungu uhu wei", "gloss_id": "memberi makanan ayam dan makanan babi: dikatakan tentang kewajiban seorang wanita/istri, yang harus menternakkan ayam dan babi, terutama berlaku setiap satu windu (delapan tahun)", "gloss_en": "giving food to the chicken — food to the pig: said of the duty of a woman/wife, who must raise chickens and pigs — observed especially at each windu (eight-year cycle)", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": 1633, "line": 6018, "page": null }, "note": "Entry 1633 confirmed. Page marker not sighted immediately before.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "auru tilu — ilu manu", "gloss_id": "menyodok telur dan melihat ayam: dikatakan tentang ramalan dengan memeriksa tanda-tanda dalam sebuah telur ayam dan urat-urat dalam tali perut ayam, dapat diketahui kehendak dewata dalam telur", "gloss_en": "probing the egg — examining the chicken: said of divination by inspecting the signs in a chicken's egg and the sinews of the chicken's intestines — through which the will of the spirits in the egg can be known", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 6021, "page": null }, "note": "Entry number not clearly legible (area after entry 1633). Page marker not sighted immediately before.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "pamama wei marapu — pakuru manu ndewa", "gloss_id": "memanggil babi leluhur dan ayam dewata: dikatakan tentang memelihara babi dan ayam yang khusus disediakan untuk upacara 'pamangu ndewa' (perjamuan dewa), satu kebaktian yang harus dilakukan tiap-tiap satu windu (delapan tahun), yang ditujukan terutama kepada Alkhalik", "gloss_en": "summoning the ancestor's pig — the deity's chicken: said of raising pigs and chickens specially set aside for the 'pamangu ndewa' ceremony (the divine feast) — a rite performed every windu (eight years), directed primarily to the Creator", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 6176, "page": null }, "note": "Entry number not clearly legible (area around 1692). Page marker not sighted immediately before.", "uncertain": false, "shelved": true }, { "kambera": "marata tilu manu — ahu hari papangu", "gloss_id": "pemutus telur ayam dan anjing belah dua: dikatakan tentang suatu upacara sederhana di muka pintu kampung, apabila ada tamu atau kalau ada keluarga yang kembali dari negeri lain; demikian juga pada waktu menyucikan kampung/negeri dari dosa dan penyakit, dengan memecahkan telur dan membelah seekor anjing kecil, belahan kanan dan kepalanya dibuang ke udik sedang bagian kiri dan ekornya dibuang ke hilir", "gloss_en": "breaking the chicken's egg — splitting the dog in two: said of a simple ceremony at the village gate when guests arrive or family return from abroad; also performed when purifying a settlement from sin and disease — an egg is broken and a small dog split in two, the right half and head thrown upstream, the left half and tail thrown downstream", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": 1696, "line": 6182, "page": null }, "note": "Entry 1696 confirmed. Page marker not sighted immediately before.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "ambu pamimbirungu la mata manu rara — ambu tanganjiru la ngora wei tana", "gloss_id": "jangan mengerling seperti mata ayam merah dan jangan tengadah seperti moncong babi perang: [dikatakan tentang sikap seseorang yang menghindari atau merendahkan diri terhadap yang lain]", "gloss_en": "do not cast sidelong glances like the eye of a red cock — do not raise the snout like a war pig: [said of a person who avoids or shows disdain toward another]", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": 1717, "line": 6262, "page": null }, "note": "Entry 1717 confirmed. Gloss partially garbled by OCR at lines 6264-6265. Page marker not sighted immediately before. Related image at line 1692. [OCR uncertain — verify against print]", "uncertain": true, "shelved": true }, { "kambera": "meu pamohu meungu — pambula manungu", "gloss_id": "lenyap seperti kucing dan hilang seperti ayam: dikatakan tentang seseorang yang telah meninggal seolah-olah lenyap dan hilang dalam pergaulan", "gloss_en": "vanished like a cat — disappeared like a chicken: said of a person who has died — as if they have simply vanished and disappeared from the social world", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 6401, "page": null }, "note": "Entry number not clearly legible (area around 1752-1753). Also attested as entry 1782 at line 6510 (same couplet, cross-reference: 'lihat No. 1752'). Page marker not sighted immediately before.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "ana manu mila — ana rendi lalu", "gloss_id": "anak ayam piatu dan anak bebek yatim: dikatakan tentang anak yatim/piatu", "gloss_en": "the orphaned chick — the orphaned duckling: said of an orphan child", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 6439, "page": null }, "note": "Entry number not clearly legible. Page marker not sighted immediately before.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "nda namowalu pabaka — nda namanu mapabetangu", "gloss_id": "ia tak mencegah dengan undi dan tak menghalang dengan ayam: dikatakan sebagai keluhan terhadap Marapu (Dewata) yang tidak menyatakan kehendaknya dalam undi dan urat ayam, supaya bila ada tanda-tanda bahaya dengan segera dicegah", "gloss_en": "he did not prevent with the divination cord — did not block with the chicken: said as a complaint toward the Marapu (ancestral spirits) who did not manifest their will in the divination cord and in the chicken's intestines, which should promptly warn of approaching danger", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": 1789, "line": 6529, "page": null }, "note": "Entry 1789 confirmed. Negated form of the couplet at line 650. Page marker not sighted immediately before.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "pui mowalu wihiku manu", "gloss_id": "meniup undi dan mengupas ayam: dikatakan tentang cara meramal untung nasib, pertama dengan meniup dan menyangkutkan undi yang terdiri dari 4 tali halus dan sesudah itu dikuatkan dengan memeriksa telur bagian atas di mana ada tanda-tanda baik atau buruk", "gloss_en": "blowing the divination cord — stripping the chicken: said of the method of divining fortune — first by blowing and knotting the four-strand divination cord, then confirmed by examining the upper part of an egg for signs of good or ill", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 6537, "page": null }, "note": "Entry number not clearly legible (area around 1792). Appears to be a fragment or single-line couplet; possibly incomplete due to OCR column break. Related to line 9009 ('pui pui mowalu — tu manu') but different Kambera wording. Page marker not sighted immediately before. [OCR uncertain — verify against print]", "uncertain": true }, { "kambera": "wuangga manu mbalaru — mbanitu, tanggalu — tanganjiru", "gloss_id": "berilah padaku ayam lebar dan kencang, ayam tegak dan tengadah: dikatakan tentang tanda-tanda yang baik dalam pemeriksaan urat tali perut ayam, sebagai ramalan baik atau buruk dalam suatu peristiwa sakit, panen, perkawinan dan sebagainya", "gloss_en": "give me a chicken wide and firm, a chicken upright and upward-facing: said of the favourable signs sought in the examination of a chicken's intestines — divining for good or ill in events of illness, harvest, marriage, and so forth", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": 1837, "line": 6689, "page": null }, "note": "Entry 1837 confirmed. Couplet spans lines 6689-6691. Page marker not sighted immediately before.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "manu mbiha manyola — manu patahu mendi", "gloss_id": "ayam bisa dan manjur, ayam pantas dan mandi: dikatakan tentang sakti, hikmat dan kuasa gaib yang ada pada ayam, menurut ketentuan Alkhalik karena dalam urat-urat pada tali parutnya", "gloss_en": "the potent and efficacious chicken, the fitting and pure chicken: said of the sacred power, wisdom, and supernatural authority residing in the chicken — ordained by the Creator, made manifest in the sinews of its intestines", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 6806, "page": null }, "note": "Entry number not clearly legible (area around 1868). Page marker not sighted immediately before.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "na temi tilu manu — na nimbu pakambora", "gloss_id": "taming telur ayam dan tombak yang bercorak: dikatakan tentang alat perang yang sakti dan ampuh, yakni doa dan tombak, yang tak dapat ditanggal oleh musuh yang serahkah", "gloss_en": "the shield made from a chicken's egg — the patterned spear: said of war-equipment that is sacred and powerful — namely prayer (doa) and the spear — which no rapacious enemy can defeat", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": 1953, "line": 7114, "page": null }, "note": "Entry 1953 confirmed. Page marker not sighted immediately before.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "la nggirungu la tama lodu — la malingu la hei manu", "gloss_id": "pada waktu senja masuk matahari dan pada waktu petang naik ayam (ke atap rumah): dikatakan tentang tanda-tanda dan peristiwa yang terjadi pada waktu senja", "gloss_en": "at the twilight of the sun's entering — at the darkening when the chickens go up (to the roof): said of the signs and events that occur at dusk", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": 2255, "line": 8202, "page": null }, "note": "Entry 2255 confirmed. Page marker not sighted immediately before. Variant of the couplet at line 1835.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "ambu paohanya na malunggu manu — ambu pamanginya na maliru ahu", "gloss_id": "jangan mengatakan mereka bahagia kepada yang menggendung ayam dan jangan mengatakan mereka mujur kepada yang menarik anjing: dikatakan dalam doa kepada jiwa-jiwa orang mati yang dipulangkan sesudah upacara 'langu paraingu' (tahun baru), jangan iri hati kepada mereka yang menerima apa-apa dari anak cucu yang mereka tinggalkan", "gloss_en": "do not say they are happy to those who carry chickens — do not say they are fortunate to those who lead dogs: said in prayer to the souls of the dead as they are sent home after the 'langu paraingu' (new year) ceremony — urging the dead not to be envious of those receiving gifts from the descendants they have left behind", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 8290, "page": null }, "note": "Entry number not clearly legible (area around 2273-2274). OCR: 'malru' corrected to 'maliru'. Page marker not sighted immediately before.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "pani na matungu pani manu — na matungu uhu wei", "gloss_id": "yang memberi umpan ayam dan yang memberi makanan babi: dikatakan tentang tanggungan seorang wanita yang harus memeliharakan ternak kecil, sedang pria bertugas memelihara ternak besar, kuda, kerbau dan sapi", "gloss_en": "the one who gives feed to the chicken — the one who gives food to the pig: said of a woman's responsibility to tend small livestock, while the man's duty is to tend large livestock — horses, buffalo, and cattle", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 8646, "page": "p.140" }, "note": "Entry number garbled in OCR (line starts with '1.' — possibly entry 2385 or adjacent). Page p.140 marker at line 8773. OCR garbled at this section (two-column layout). Flagged uncertain.", "uncertain": true }, { "kambera": "na njara maparama — na manu mapawulu", "gloss_id": "kuda yang berlaga dan ayam yang bersabung: dikatakan tentang para penari, yang karena gerak-gerik mereka, seolah-olah kuda dan ayam yang berlaga", "gloss_en": "the horse that fights — the cock that spars: said of dancers, whose movements make them look as if they are fighting horses and sparring cocks", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": 2425, "line": 8781, "page": "p.140" }, "note": "Entry 2425 confirmed. Page p.140 marker at line 8773. OCR garbled (two-column layout) at this section; couplet reconstructed from lines 8780-8782.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "na mahuru tilu — na mapindimanu", "gloss_id": "yang meretas telur dan yang menilai ayam: dikatakan kepada orang yang melakukan kebaktian dengan meramalkan buruk dan baik, yang tanda-tandanya nyata di dalam telur yang diretas dan dalam urat ayam yang diselidiki", "gloss_en": "the one who breaks the egg — the one who assesses the chicken: said of a person who performs ritual by divining good or ill — the signs made manifest in the broken egg and in the examined chicken's sinews", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": 2453, "line": 8899, "page": "p.141" }, "note": "Entry 2453 confirmed. Page p.141 marker at line 8843.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "pui pui mowalu — tu manu", "gloss_id": "meniup undi dan mempersembahkan ayam: dikatakan apabila hendak meramal kehendak ilahi, mula-mula dengan undi lalu dikuatkan/ditetapkan dengan melihat tanda-tanda pada urat tali perut ayam", "gloss_en": "blowing the divination cord — presenting the chicken: said when one wishes to divine the divine will — first by means of the divination cord, then confirmed by reading the signs in the chicken's intestines", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 9009, "page": null }, "note": "Entry number not clearly legible. Page marker not sighted immediately before.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "ina rendi — ama manu", "gloss_id": "induk bebek dan bapa ayam: dikatakan tentang seseorang yang menjadi pemimpin dan penganjur yang senantiasa menjaga dan melindungi orang yang dipimpinnya", "gloss_en": "the mother duck — the father chicken: said of someone who is a leader and guide — always watching over and protecting those they lead", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 9310, "page": null }, "note": "Entry number not clearly legible (area around 2579-2580). Page marker not sighted immediately before.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "hilu hada — hilu manu riu, hilu [...]", "gloss_id": "[fragment — gloss not recoverable from OCR]", "gloss_en": "[fragment — not recoverable]", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 9430, "page": "p.150" }, "note": "OCR heavily garbled (two-column layout). Fragment 'hilu hada — hilu manu riu, hilu' sighted at line 9430; 'manu' appears in Kambera couplet context. Couplet and gloss not recoverable. Page p.150 marker at line 9461. Included as uncertain attestation only.", "uncertain": true }, { "kambera": "manu tahiku tilu — wei hoba karaba", "gloss_id": "ayam yang mematuk telur dan babi yang makan palungan: dikatakan tentang hubungan seks antara ibu kandung dengan anak kandung, suatu dosa yang tak dapat diampuni, imbalannya mati dibunuh", "gloss_en": "the chicken that pecks its own egg — the pig that eats its own trough: said of sexual relations between birth mother and birth child — a sin that cannot be forgiven, punishable by death", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 9573, "page": null }, "note": "Entry number not clearly legible. Page marker not sighted immediately before.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "takoka takoka bai manu — hakuku manu wulu", "gloss_id": "berkotek ayam betina dan berkokok ayam jantan: dikatakan tentang pengakuan bersalah perempuan dan laki-laki yang bersalah dalam hal berzinah", "gloss_en": "the clucking of the hen — the crowing of the cock: said of the confession of guilt by a woman and a man who have committed adultery", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 9623, "page": "p.152" }, "note": "Entry 2665 appears after this couplet at line 9626. Page p.152 marker at line 9612. Couplet spans lines 9623-9624.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "titiru tamiangu — runda wulu manu", "gloss_id": "penggugah dari tamiang dan perangsang bulu ayam: dikatakan tentang seseorang yang mengajak dan pengasut", "gloss_en": "the tamiang-grass instigator — the chicken-feather provoker: said of someone who incites others and stirs up trouble", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 9695, "page": "p.153" }, "note": "Entry number not clearly legible (area just before entry 2684 at line 9701). Page p.153 marker at line 9698. Also attested at line 9531 with A-B reversed: 'tunda wulu manu — titung tamiangu' (OCR: 'titird tamiangu'), gloss: 'penggerak dari bulu ayam dan perangsang dari tamiang: dikatakan tentang alat atau pemberian untuk menggugah atau membujuk seseorang'. The two attestations share the same image but differ in Kambera wording and A-B order; 9695 is the clearer text.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "tara manu tana — [garbled B-line] paket dita", "gloss_id": "duri susuh ayam di tanah dan duri pengait di atas: dikatakan tentang nama dua tumbuhan berduri yang menjadi lambang bahaya-bahaya dihadapi, baik di bawah maupun di atas", "gloss_en": "the spur of a chicken's wattle on the ground — the hook-thorn above: said of the names of two thorny plants that symbolise dangers faced both below and above", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 9851, "page": "p.155" }, "note": "Entry number not clearly legible. B-line severely garbled in OCR: 'Tit paket dita' — likely 'titi paket dita' or similar; full B-line not recoverable from OCR. Page p.155 marker at line 9856. Flagged uncertain.", "uncertain": true } ], "lawiti_freq": 103 }, { "id": "ruha", "kambera": "ruha", "name_en": "Deer", "name_id": "Rusa", "category": "animal", "main": true, "binomial": "Rusa timorensis (introduced)", "adams": "pp.135, 166", "desc_en": "Noble game of the hunt. The antler is a fixed formula of male nobility — 'tall as the antlers of the deer' — and the deer's marrow-fat figures the pure gold of bridewealth.", "desc_id": "Buruan bangsawan. Tanduk rusa menjadi rumus tetap kemuliaan pria — 'tinggi seperti tanduk rusa' — dan lulur rusa mengiaskan mas murni dalam belis.", "objects": [ "10.2.62/7", "2002.539", "2021.439.7", "IIc 14461", "MOA 18117V21", "mfa-sumba/mfa-sumba_MFA_30_786.jpg", "mfa-sumba/mfa-sumba_MFA_43_866.jpg", "prm-sumba/PRM_2008-58-3-1.jpg", "quaibranly-sumba/70-2001-27-102.jpg", "quaibranly-sumba/70-2001-27-98.jpg", "quaibranly-sumba/71-1955-68-53.jpg", "quaibranly-sumba/71-1955-68-55.jpg" ], "couplets": [ { "kambera": "pajangga kadu ruhangu — parara mata mandungu", "gloss_id": "tinggi seperti tanduk rusa dan merah seperti mata ular; dikatakan tentang orang yang tampan dan gagah, orang yang mulia dan berwibawa.", "gloss_en": "Tall as the antlers of a deer — red as the eyes of a snake; said of a handsome and brave person, someone noble and commanding.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": 622, "line": 2480, "page": null }, "note": "Entry 622 sighted at line 2480. Deer-antler / snake-eye beauty/nobility formula. Also attested in same order at line 9484 (entry 2630, dance-song context). Inverted as 'parara mata mandungu — pajangga kadu ruhangu' at lines 6040 (entry 1646) and 9221.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "na tada wei — na.langgi ruha", "gloss_id": "kulit babi dan lulur rusa; dikatakan tentang apa yang digemari, seperti pada babi kulitnya dan rusa lulurnya; maksud ungkapan ini ialah tentang belis yang dikehendaki orangtua wanita, ialah mas yang murni.", "gloss_en": "The skin of a pig — the rump-flesh of a deer; said of what is most prized — on a pig it is the skin, on a deer it is the rump-meat; the meaning concerns the bridewealth desired by the bride's parents: pure gold.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 5074, "page": null }, "note": "Key bridewealth formula pairing wei (pig-skin) and ruha (deer haunch). 'langgi ruha' = lulur rusa. This couplet pairs motifs 1 and 2 directly.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "parara mata mandungu — pajangga kadu ruhangu", "gloss_id": "merah seperti mata ular dan tinggi seperti tanduk rusa; dikatakan sebagai lambang kegagahan dan kemuliaan seseorang.", "gloss_en": "Red as the eyes of a snake — tall as the antlers of a deer; said as a symbol of someone's gallantry and nobility.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": 1646, "line": 6040, "page": "p.100" }, "note": "Entry 1646 sighted at line 6040. Page p.100 at line 6032. Inverted form of entry 622 (line 2480). Also attested in same order at lines 9221-9222 (different gloss: 'orang yang gagah perkasa').", "uncertain": false, "shelved": true } ], "lawiti_freq": 6 }, { "id": "kurangu", "kambera": "kura / kurangu", "name_en": "Prawn", "name_id": "Udang", "category": "animal", "main": true, "binomial": "Lysiosquilla maculata among referents (Adams)", "adams": "pp.133, 167", "desc_en": "The moulting prawn is the great figure of rebirth: death as an exchange of shells, the soul living on. With the crab it also figures kin who pull together.", "desc_id": "Udang yang berganti kulit adalah kiasan utama kelahiran kembali: kematian sebagai pertukaran cangkang, jiwa hidup terus. Bersama ketam ia juga mengiaskan kerabat yang bahu-membahu.", "objects": [ "2002.536", "agnsw-sumba/182-2003.jpg", "agsa-sumba/20113A17.jpg", "bm-sumba/BM_As1949-09-1.jpg", "bm-sumba/BM_As1949-09-3.jpg", "mfa-sumba/mfa-sumba_MFA_30_790.jpg", "mfa-sumba/mfa-sumba_MFA_30_793.jpg", "mfa-sumba/mfa-sumba_MFA_50_1506.jpg", "mkb-basel/IIc_2484.jpg", "mkb-basel/IIc_8700.jpg", "mkb-basel/IIc_8716.jpg", "mkb-basel/IIc_8717.jpg", "prm-sumba/PRM_2008-58-3-1.jpg", "quaibranly-sumba/70-2001-27-731.jpg" ], "couplets": [ { "kambera": "njulu la kura luku — halubu la mandu mara", "gloss_id": "Bertukar sebagai udang sungai dan mengelupas sebagai ular darat: dikatakan tentang keyakinan bahwa di balik kubur terdapat hidup baru yang kekal; kematian hanyalah pertukaran.", "gloss_en": "Moulting like the river prawn — shedding skin like the land-snake: said of the belief that beyond the grave lies a new eternal life; death is merely an exchange.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": 321, "line": 1437, "page": "p.28" }, "note": "Shared with the snake motif; also attested as entry 1290 (line 4847) and ~entry 2126 (line 7762)." }, { "kambera": "halubu halubu la mandu mara — njulu la kura luku", "gloss_id": "mengelupas sebagai ular darat dan bertukar sebagai udang sungai: dikatakan tentang suatu keyakinan bahwa di balik kubur akan terdapat suatu hidup baru yang kekal: kematian hanyalah suatu pertukaran, jiwa menanggalkan jasad jasmaninya dalam rupa jenasah, sedang jiwa kembali ke alam baka untuk hidup terus selama-lamanya.", "gloss_en": "Sloughing off like a land-snake — transforming like a river prawn: expressing the belief that beyond the grave lies a new and eternal life — death is merely an exchange, the soul shedding its bodily form like a corpse, while the spirit returns to the eternal realm to live on forever.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 1437, "page": null }, "note": "Rebirth/afterlife formula. Entry number not visible. Verbatim duplicate at L4847-4848 (entry 1290: 'njulu la kura luku — halubu la mandu mara', A-B reversed) and at L7762 ('njulu njulu la kura luku — halubu la mandu mara', with 'njulu njulu' reduplication).", "uncertain": false, "shelved": true }, { "kambera": "hili kura hili njulu — karanja hifi pinja", "gloss_id": "udang yang menjelma pula dan selampit yang selesai kembali: dikatakan tentang hal mengadakan hubungan keluarga yang baru, dalam arti mengambil istri dari keluarga yang bukan asal ibu.", "gloss_en": "The prawn that transforms again — the weaving completed anew: used of establishing a new kinship alliance, specifically taking a wife from a family not of one's mother's origin.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 1895, "page": null }, "note": "Kinship-transformation formula. Prawn moulting as metaphor for new alliance. Entry number not visible.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "wai ilu nyeli — wulu mata kurangu", "gloss_id": "air liur cacing dan bulu mata udang: cacing dalam tanah tak nampak hanya ada yang basah yang dianggap seperti air liurnya, begitu pula udang dalam lobang batu atau tanah, dikatakan tentang anak atau orang yang masih ada/hidup, yang ditinggalkan oleh ibu bapa dan nenek kakeknya.", "gloss_en": "The slime of the earthworm — the whiskers of the prawn: an earthworm underground is invisible, only moisture signals its presence as if it were its saliva; similarly a prawn hides in a rock-hole or in the earth — used of children or people who still live on after their parents and grandparents have died.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 2160, "page": null }, "note": "Survival/continuation formula. Entry number not visible. Verbatim duplicates at L7174 ('wai lu nyeli — wulu mata kurangu', minor OCR variant 'lu' for 'ilu'), L10782 ('na wai ilu nyeli — na wulu mata kurangu', with na- prefix), and L11339 ('wulu wulu mata kurangu — wai ilu nyeli', B-A reversed with reduplication).", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "kandapu dindi mara — kura nyimba luku", "gloss_id": "bukit pemeleh darat dan udang pengempang sungai: dikatakan tentang pelindung, yang dapat bertindak untuk menolong seseorang.", "gloss_en": "The hill that deflects the land — the prawn that dams the river: used of a protector who can act to help someone.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 3291, "page": null }, "note": "Protection/mediation formula. Entry number not visible. Verbatim duplicate at L7176-7178 ('kura nyimba luku — kandapu dindi mara', B-A reversed with fuller gloss: 'udang pengempang sungai dan busut pemeleh darat: dikatakan tentang seorang pelindung, yang dapat mencegah mala petaka dan mara bahaya').", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "kaparaku nakaparaku na kura luku — nakamanggilu na pai mananga", "gloss_id": "menggelepar udang sungai dan membelok ikan pari muara: dikatakan tentang suatu peristiwa yang nanti mengakibatkan suatu kesulitan.", "gloss_en": "The river prawn thrashing — the river-mouth stingray veering: used of a situation that will lead to difficulty.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": 914, "line": 3496, "page": null }, "note": "Omen/warning formula. Entry 914 sighted at line 3496. OCR run-together of entry heading and couplet; couplet reconstructed from L3496 verbatim.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "na karanggi pamanyarangu — na kurangu pawuku", "gloss_id": "ketam yang dicari dan udang yang dimaksud: dikatakan tentang orang atau barang yang telah menjadi sasaran disebabkan adanya usaha mencari untuk mendapatnya.", "gloss_en": "The ketam-crab that is being sought — the prawn that is the object of intention: used of a person or object that has become the target of deliberate pursuit.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": 995, "line": 3789, "page": null }, "note": "Pursuit/desire formula. Entry 995 sighted in block at L3789. 'Karanggi' = ketam (crab/mud-crab), 'kurangu' = udang (prawn). Cross-ref: karungu motif (karungu and karanggi overlap semantically as crab terms). Verbatim duplicates at L4857 (entry 1292: 'na kurangu pawuku — na karanggi pamanyaarngu', B-A reversed, OCR variant 'pamanyaarngu'), L5969 ('manyarangu karanggi kurangu pawuku', partial), and L11266-11267.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "na karungu angu londa — na kura angu kundu", "gloss_id": "Ketam kawan membimbing dan udang kawan bahu-membahu: dikatakan sebagai salah satu nasihat pada pengantin wanita pada upacara pernikahan, sebagai sebagian dari kewajiban seorang istri.", "gloss_en": "The crab as guiding companion — the prawn as shoulder-to-shoulder companion: one of the counsels given to the bride at the marriage ceremony, as part of a wife's duties.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": 1024, "line": 3895, "page": "p.66" }, "note": "Bridal-instruction context; shared with the crab motif." }, { "kambera": "kombu a hinggi kombu kurangu — pahudu anatau", "gloss_id": "selimut merah udang dan kain.", "gloss_en": "The prawn-red blanket — the cloth.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": 1240, "line": 4656, "page": null }, "note": "Textile/colour formula. 'Kombu kurangu' = prawn-coloured cloth (orange-red). Entry 1240 sighted at line 4656. Gloss cut at end of line 4657 due to OCR column break. Uncertain due to incomplete gloss.", "uncertain": true }, { "kambera": "kura laku dalungu — kambuku lindi dita", "gloss_id": "udang jalan di bawah dan gabus maniti di atas: dikatakan tentang siasat yang dijalankan, yang nampak ikan gabus di atas air sedang tak nampak udang di bawah air.", "gloss_en": "The prawn travelling below — the snakehead-fish walking on top: used of a stratagem in which the snakehead-fish is visible above the water while the prawn is hidden beneath — what is seen conceals what is actually happening.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": 1288, "line": 4844, "page": null }, "note": "Concealed-strategy formula. Entry 1288 sighted at line 4843.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "hama hei kurangu kambuku — hama hei ipingu parudi", "gloss_id": "sama seperti naiknya udang dan gabus dan sama seperti naiknya impun dan ketam: dikatakan sebagai isi doa para petani agar hasil padinya banyak-banyak seperti melimpahnya udang dan gabus serta impun dan ketam sedang masih kecil halus naik ke sungai melalui muara, yang ditangguk orang beramai-ramai.", "gloss_en": "As the prawn and the snakehead-fish rise together, and as the young impun-fish and the ketam-crab rise together: a farmers' prayer for an abundant harvest to match the teeming multitude of prawns and snakehead-fish, and young fry and crabs, rising from the estuary into the river, scooped up by people in great numbers.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": 1289, "line": 4846, "page": null }, "note": "Harvest-prayer formula. Entry 1289 sighted at line 4846. Verbatim duplicates at L1467-1468 (entry ~330, 'hama hei kurangu kambuku — hama hei ipingu parudi'); L3165-3167 ('kambuku hama hei kurangu kambuku — hama hei ipingu parudi', with 'kambuku' prefixed); L8813-8815 ('hama hei ipingu parudi — hama hei kurangu kambuku', B-A reversed). Cross-ref: karungu (ketam/crab) also appears in this couplet.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "kura mapakundu — karungu mapalonda", "gloss_id": "udang yang bahu-membahu dan ketam yang pimpin memimpin: dikatakan tentang orang yang berkeluarga rapat, yang dalam segala hal harus bergotong-royong dan tolong-menolong.", "gloss_en": "The prawn that carries shoulder to shoulder — the crab that leads guiding one another: used of close kin who must cooperate and assist each other in all things.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": 1291, "line": 4854, "page": null }, "note": "Kinship-cooperation formula. Entry 1291 sighted at line 4854. Cross-ref: karungu motif. OCR: 'Kura' capitalised at start of line.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "kura ida kumumunyu — wai nda kurimangu", "gloss_id": "saya tak waspada sebagai udang dan tak sangka-sangka seperti babi: dikatakan apabila datang bahaya yang tiba-tiba seperti halnya udang terhadap yang menjeratnya atau babi terhadap pemburu.", "gloss_en": "I was as unwary as a prawn — as unsuspecting as a pig: used when sudden danger arrives, like a prawn caught unawares in a trap or a pig surprised by a hunter.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 6519, "page": null }, "note": "Vulnerability/surprise formula. Entry number not visible. OCR: line prefix 'Danh' appears to be OCR artefact.", "uncertain": false } ], "lawiti_freq": 26 }, { "id": "ularu", "kambera": "ularu / mandu", "name_en": "Snake", "name_id": "Ular", "category": "animal", "main": true, "binomial": "incl. Malayopython reticulatus", "adams": "pp.114, 135, 167", "desc_en": "The snake sheds its skin as the soul sheds the body: the moulting formula of eternal life. Snake vocabulary in ritual speech is precise — water-snake, field-snake, savannah-snake.", "desc_id": "Ular mengelupas kulit sebagaimana jiwa menanggalkan jasad: rumus hidup kekal. Kosakata ular dalam bahasa ritual amat rinci — ular air, ular ladang, ular sabana.", "objects": [ "2002.538", "2002.539", "2021.439.7", "2021.439.9", "23.5.66/9", "bm-sumba/BM_As1949-09-1.jpg", "horniman-sumba/2008-177.jpg", "horniman-sumba/2008-192.jpg", "mfa-sumba/mfa-sumba_MFA_2006_1275.jpg", "mfa-sumba/mfa-sumba_MFA_2009_2771.jpg", "mfa-sumba/mfa-sumba_MFA_30_790.jpg", "mkb-basel/IIc_14481.jpg", "mkb-basel/IIc_8705.jpg", "quaibranly-sumba/70-2001-27-575.jpg", "quaibranly-sumba/70-2001-27-98.jpg", "quaibranly-sumba/71-1955-68-56.jpg", "quaibranly-sumba/71-1955-68-60.jpg" ], "couplets": [ { "kambera": "halubu halubu la mandu mara — njulu la kura luku", "gloss_id": "mengelupas sebagai ular darat dan bertukar sebagai udang sungai: dikatakan tentang suatu keyakinan bahwa di balik kubur akan terdapat suatu hidup baru yang kekal: kematian hanyalah suatu pertukaran, jiwa menanggalkan jasad jasmaninya dalam rupa jenasah, sedang jiwa kembali ke alam baka untuk hidup terus selama-lamanya.", "gloss_en": "shedding skin like a land snake — changing like a river shrimp: said of the belief that beyond the grave there is a new eternal life; death is merely an exchange — the soul sheds its bodily garment as a corpse, while the soul returns to the afterworld to live on forever.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": 321, "line": 1437, "page": "p.28" }, "note": "Couplet at lines 1437-1440 (Kapita 1987, entry 321, p.28). Consolidated from two OCR passes of line 1437. Reversed-order parallel variant retained separately at line 7762.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "na kabuku rara utangu — na mandu kiri Ilangu", "gloss_id": "ular (besar) merah di hutan dan ular (tua) di ujung liang: dikatakan tentang macam-macam ular di hutan dan di liang, sebagai personifikasi dari arwah-arwah yang ada di situ, bukan saja berbahaya tetapi sering menolong manusia juga (begitu anggapan suku bangsa).", "gloss_en": "the great red snake in the forest — the old snake at the mouth of the burrow: said of the various snakes in forest and burrow, personifications of the spirits residing there — not only dangerous but sometimes also helpful to humans (according to the people's belief).", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 2424, "page": null }, "note": "Couplet spans lines 2424–2425 with OCR split. 'Ilangu' at line 2425 is OCR for 'liangu' (liang = burrow/hole); 'I' renders 'l' at line start — systematic OCR artefact. Gloss at line 2426.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "kataru muru melatu — mandu la rahia", "gloss_id": "Ulat hijau dan ular bisa, ular besar dan ular belang: dikatakan tentang nama-nama ular macam-macam yang ada, yang besar dan kecil, yang polos dan belang.", "gloss_en": "Green caterpillar and venomous snake, great snake and banded snake: said of the various kinds of snakes — large and small, plain and banded.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": 1055, "line": 3989, "page": "p.67" }, "note": "Gloss distinguishes melatu (water-snake), mandu (field-snake), tarahia (savannah-snake)." }, { "kambera": "kataru muru — melatu — mandularahia", "gloss_id": "ulat hijau dan ular bisa, ular besar dan ular belang: dikatakan tentang nama-nama ular macam-macam; ulat hijau itulah yang biasa dikatakan ular hijau tempat di antara daun-daun dan rerumputan hijau. 'melatu' nama ular bisa selalu pada tempat yang berair; 'mandu' dalam liang belang biasa di padang rumput; ular besar biasa dan 'tarahia' ular padang; semuanya berbahaya bagi manusia.", "gloss_en": "green caterpillar/snake and venomous snake, large snake and striped snake: names of various snake species; the green caterpillar is also called green snake found among leaves and green grass; 'melatu' = venomous snake always near water; 'mandu' = large striped snake in a burrow, common in grassland; 'tarahia' = field snake; all are dangerous to humans.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": 1055, "line": 3989, "page": null }, "note": "Entry 1055 at line 3989. Couplet line: 'kataru muru-melatu — mandularahia'. Glosses at lines 3990–3992 contain explicit definitions of melatu, mandu, tarahia. All four snake terms present (kataru, melatu, mandu, tarahia). OCR: hyphens in 'kataru muru-melatu' may compress two elements. Entry 1054 at line 3987 is a different couplet (kataru = hama/pest, not snake).", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "larahia mandata — larahia, ularu — kataru muru", "gloss_id": "ular karet dan ular belang, ular sawah dan ular daun: dikatakan tentang macam-macam ular yang ada, yang besar dan kecil, yang polos dan belang; yang terakhir 'kataru muru', harafiah: ulat hijau, namun maksudnya: ular hijau yang biasa ada di daun-daun.", "gloss_en": "rubber snake and striped snake, paddy-field snake and leaf snake: said of the many kinds of snakes, large and small, plain and striped; the last, 'kataru muru', literally green caterpillar, but meaning the green snake commonly found among leaves.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 5107, "page": null }, "note": "Couplet at line 5107, gloss spans lines 5107–5109. Contains ularu, larahia (=tarahia variant?), kataru muru. Four snake names in one couplet. 'larahia' likely = 'tarahia' (OCR 'l' for 't' or dialectal variant). [OCR uncertain — verify against print]", "uncertain": true }, { "kambera": "liangu matu nda nawaiya na wuya la papala — na mandu kiri liangu", "gloss_id": "sampai ia tak menghiraukan buaya di tempat menyeberang dan ular di ujung liang: dikatakan tentang seseorang yang mengejar cita-citanya, yang tak menghiraukan bahaya-bahaya di tengah jalan, asal ia mencapai cita-citanya, dengan penting seorang pemuda yang mencari kekasihnya.", "gloss_en": "until he no longer heeds the crocodile at the river crossing — the snake at the mouth of the burrow: said of someone who pursues his goal without heeding the dangers in his path, especially a young man seeking his beloved.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 5302, "page": null }, "note": "Couplet at line 5302, gloss at lines 5303–5304. 'mandu kiri liangu' parallels line 2424–2425. Motif: snake at burrow entrance as road-danger.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "na mandu ngarangia — na wuya la papala", "gloss_id": "Ular di jalan dan buaya di penyeberangan: dikatakan tentang bahaya-bahaya yang ada dalam perjalanan.", "gloss_en": "Snake on the road — crocodile at the crossing: said of the dangers that lie along a journey.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": 1645, "line": 6038, "page": "p.100" }, "note": "Shared with the crocodile motif. Twin journey-danger formula." }, { "kambera": "mandu na mandu ngarangia — na wuya la papala", "gloss_id": "ular di jalan dan buaya di penyeberangan: dikatakan tentang bahaya-bahaya yang ada dalam perjalanan.", "gloss_en": "snake on the path — crocodile at the crossing: said of the dangers encountered on a journey.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": 1645, "line": 6038, "page": "p.100" }, "note": "Entry 1645 at line 6038. Page marker [p.100] at line 6032. Gloss at line 6039.", "uncertain": false, "shelved": true }, { "kambera": "njulu njulu la kura luku — halubu la mandu mara", "gloss_id": "menjelma seperti udang sungai dan bertukar kulit seperti ular darat, dikatakan tentang udang di sungai dan ular darat yang biasa berganti kulitnya, mendapat jasad baru untuk hidup langgeng: dikatakan tentang manusia yang nanti jasad jasmaniahnya akan berubah menjadi suatu tubuh rohaniah dalam alam baka, mendapat hidup yang kekal.", "gloss_en": "transforming like a river shrimp — shedding skin like a land snake: said of shrimps in rivers and land snakes that regularly shed their skins and receive new bodies to live on; applied to humans, whose physical bodies will one day be transformed into a spiritual body in the afterworld, attaining eternal life.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 7762, "page": null }, "note": "Reversed-order duplicate of line 1437 couplet. Gloss at lines 7762–7763. Same motif, fuller gloss here.", "uncertain": false, "shelved": true }, { "kambera": "pahili na makarita la kambu mandu — na mapahilita la uli wuya", "gloss_id": "yang menoreh kita dari perut ular dan yang melepaskan kita dari taring buaya: dikatakan tentang orang yang meluput-melepaskan kita dari bahaya dan celaka, seperti perbuatan Kristus untuk manusia.", "gloss_en": "who cuts us out of the snake's belly — who releases us from the crocodile's fang: said of one who rescues us from danger and calamity, like Christ's act for humanity.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": 2338, "line": 8490, "page": null }, "note": "Entry 2338 at line 8490. Couplet spans lines 8490–8491. Gloss at lines 8492. 'kambu mandu' = belly of the snake.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "ularu nakatikau ularu kataru muru — nahobakau wuya tadanu", "gloss_id": "kau akan digigit ular dan ular hijau, kau akan ditelan buaya dan ikan paus: dikatakan sebagai ucapan pada waktu mengutuki musuh atau pihak yang melakukan perbuatan jahat.", "gloss_en": "you will be bitten by the snake and the green snake, you will be swallowed by the crocodile and the whale: said as a curse against an enemy or one who has committed an evil deed.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 10576, "page": null }, "note": "Couplet at line 10576, gloss at lines 10577–10579. Contains both 'ularu' and 'kataru muru'. Curse formula.", "uncertain": false } ], "lawiti_freq": 13 }, { "id": "karambua", "kambera": "karambua", "name_en": "Buffalo", "name_id": "Kerbau", "category": "animal", "main": true, "binomial": "Bubalus bubalis", "adams": "p.136", "desc_en": "The paradox of the archive: the central funerary sacrifice, yet nearly absent as a woven image — present instead through the horns on the skull tree and the decorated horse.", "desc_id": "Paradoks arsip: kurban pemakaman yang utama, namun nyaris tak hadir sebagai gambar tenunan — hadir lewat tanduk pada pohon andung dan kuda yang dihias.", "objects": [ "quaibranly-sumba/70-2001-27-452.jpg", "quaibranly-sumba/70-2001-27-455.jpg", "quaibranly-sumba/70-2001-27-608.jpg", "quaibranly-sumba/70-2001-27-612.jpg", "quaibranly-sumba/70-2001-27-613.jpg", "quaibranly-sumba/70-2001-27-614.jpg", "quaibranly-sumba/70-2001-27-734.jpg", "quaibranly-sumba/70-2001-27-735.jpg", "quaibranly-sumba/70-2001-27-736.jpg", "quaibranly-sumba/70-2001-27-744.jpg", "quaibranly-sumba/70-2001-27-745.jpg", "quaibranly-sumba/70-2001-27-746.jpg", "quaibranly-sumba/70-2001-27-747.jpg", "quaibranly-sumba/70-2001-27-748.jpg", "quaibranly-sumba/70-2001-27-749.jpg", "quaibranly-sumba/70-2001-27-750.jpg", "quaibranly-sumba/70-2001-27-751.jpg", "quaibranly-sumba/70-2001-27-752.jpg", "quaibranly-sumba/70-2001-27-753.jpg" ], "couplets": [ { "kambera": "dokungu papala — karambua kambihu makubaru mananga", "gloss_id": "anak kuda muda yang meragu-ragu tempat menyeberang dan kerbau sedang yang mengacaukan muara: dikatakan tentang para pemuda/pemudi yang masih canggung dan ragu dalam praktek hidup, sehingga dapat mengacaukan suasana dalam masyarakat.", "gloss_en": "a young colt hesitating at the crossing — a medium-sized buffalo muddying the estuary: said of young men and women who are still awkward and hesitant in practical life, and thus liable to disturb the social atmosphere.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 371, "page": null }, "note": "Couplet at line 371. Gloss at lines 372–373. Couplet begins with 'ana njara ndondapu' at line 370 (cut off by OCR). Full form likely: 'ana njara ndondapu mandoku(ngu) papala — karambua kambihu makubaru mananga'. Duplicate at lines 3756 (entry 986), 4700, and partial at 3112. See note on duplicates. [OCR uncertain — verify against print]", "uncertain": true }, { "kambera": "njara hura uli-nanyaka — karambua tumbu wunggunanyaka", "gloss_id": "ia telah sebagai kuda yang telah timbul taring dan kerbau yang telah muncul punggung.", "gloss_en": "he has become like a horse that has grown tusks — a buffalo that has developed a hump: said of a young person who has come of age.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 2120, "page": null }, "note": "Couplet at line 2120. Gloss at line 2121 (truncated by OCR layout). 'tumbu wunggung' = muncul punggung (hump appears). Gloss is partially cut off by multi-column OCR. [OCR uncertain — verify against print]", "uncertain": true }, { "kambera": "ndedi kukajeki — kukarambua haduduku la wuana, ndedi kumanundu", "gloss_id": "saya sebagai kuda polos muka di Taoni, belum melompat dan seperti kerbau setelunjuk di Wuana, belum menurut: dikatakan sebagai suatu pernyataan dari yang bersangkutan bahwa ia masih kecil, belum tahu apa-apa.", "gloss_en": "I am like a plain-faced horse at Taoni, not yet leaping, — like a one-fingered buffalo at Wuana, not yet obedient: said as a statement by someone that they are still young, knowing nothing yet.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 2661, "page": null }, "note": "Couplet at lines 2661–2662. Gloss at lines 2662–2664. 'kukarambua' = OCR for 'ku-karambua' (saya/kerbau). Location names Taoni and Wuana appear specific (place names in East Sumba).", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "na karambua kambihu namakubaru mananga — na ana njara ndondapu na manda pingu kela", "gloss_id": "kerbau sehasta yang mengacaukan muara dan anak kuda kecil yang tak tahu lereng: dikatakan tentang para penari tunas.", "gloss_en": "a cubit-sized buffalo muddying the estuary — a small foal that does not know the slope: said of young novice dancers.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 3112, "page": null }, "note": "Couplet at lines 3112–3113. Gloss at lines 3113–3115 (truncated). Variant of entry 986 (line 3756) and line 371 couplet. Context here is specifically about dancers ('penari tunas').", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "na karambua kahanga ruku — na njara beringu tungga", "gloss_id": "kerbau yang bercabang kesan dan kuda yang terbagi surai: dikatakan tentang seorang pengantara, yang berkewajiban mencari persesuaian faham dan perdamaian antara dua pihak yang bertentangan.", "gloss_en": "a buffalo with forked tracks — a horse with a parted mane: said of a mediator whose duty is to find mutual understanding and peace between two opposing parties.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": 985, "line": 3754, "page": "p.65" }, "note": "Entry 985 at line 3754. Page marker [p.65] at line 3752. Gloss at line 3755. Duplicate at line 10482–10484 (entry not visible there).", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "na karambua kambihu na makubaru mananga — na ana njara ndondapu na manda pingu kela", "gloss_id": "kerbau sehasta yang mengacaukan muara dan anak kuda baru berjalan yang tak tahu jurang: dikatakan tentang citra para pemuda tanggung yang belum insaf bahwa gerak-geriknya membahayakan masyarakat, bahkan dirinya sendiri.", "gloss_en": "a cubit-sized buffalo muddying the estuary — a newly-walking foal ignorant of the ravine: said of the image of adolescents who are not yet aware that their behaviour endangers society, and indeed themselves.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": 986, "line": 3756, "page": "p.65" }, "note": "Entry 986 at line 3756. Gloss at lines 3757–3758. Fuller version of line 371 and 3112 couplets.", "uncertain": false, "shelved": true }, { "kambera": "koru njara mapakorungu — karambua mapatomangu", "gloss_id": "kuda yang bercampur dan kerbau yang berdapatan: dikatakan tentang suatu masyarakat yang terdiri dari berbagai suku dan golongan.", "gloss_en": "horses that mingle — buffalo that meet: said of a community made up of various tribes and groups.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": 1247, "line": 4692, "page": null }, "note": "Entry 1247 at line 4692. Gloss at line 4692.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "na landu la katiku — na borungu la banggi / karambua papawiringu", "gloss_id": "jambul di kepala dan tali ikat pinggang: dikatakan tentang kuda yang diberi berjambul dan kerbau yang diberi berjanur kuning (daun kelapa muda): dikatakan tentang kuda dan kerbau yang dikuduskan untuk sesuatu upacara kebaktian.", "gloss_en": "a plume on the head — a waist-sash: said of horses adorned with plumes and buffalo adorned with young coconut fronds, consecrated for a religious ceremony.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": 1359, "line": 5029, "page": null }, "note": "OCR at line 5029 is garbled — 'karambua papawiringu' appears at end of gloss block, likely = the paired element. Full couplet unclear. 'na landu la katiku — na borungu la banggi' appears to be the couplet; 'karambua papawiringu' is in the gloss at line 5029. The pairing with line 7674 (entry 2100) which gives the cleaner form. Uncertain rendering.", "uncertain": true }, { "kambera": "njanga na manjanga njara — na manjanga karambua", "gloss_id": "yang menjaga kuda dan yang menjaga kerbau: dikatakan tentang orang yang mengawasi hewan kuda dan kerbau.", "gloss_en": "one who watches the horses — one who watches the buffalo: said of those who tend horses and buffalo.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 7609, "page": null }, "note": "Couplet at line 7609. Gloss at lines 7610–7612.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "na njara papalandungu — na karambua papawiringu", "gloss_id": "kuda yang diberi berjambul dan kerbau yang diberi berjanur: dikatakan tentang kuda dan kerbau yang telah dikususkan untuk keperluan pemujaan, dengan menghiasinya dengan jambul dan janur.", "gloss_en": "a horse adorned with a plume — a buffalo adorned with coconut fronds: said of horses and buffalo consecrated for ritual purposes, decorated with plumes and fronds.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": 2100, "line": 7674, "page": "p.123" }, "note": "Entry 2100 at line 7674. Page marker [p.123] at line 7672. Gloss at lines 7675–7677.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "njara rubi rapa — karambua tanganjiru", "gloss_id": "kuda yang merebut kendali dan kerbau yang mengangkat: dikatakan tentang melawan, orang yang tak patuh kepada atasan.", "gloss_en": "a horse that seizes the reins — a buffalo that rears up: said of resistance, a person who is insubordinate to their superior.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 9478, "page": null }, "note": "Couplet at line 9478. Gloss at line 9479. OCR leading dash on 'njara': line reads '-njara rubi rapa'.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "hunju wei — tobungu karambua", "gloss_id": "menikam babi dan memotong kerbau: dua cara untuk memotong hewan untuk lauk makan minum.", "gloss_en": "stabbing a pig — slaughtering a buffalo: two ways of butchering animals for food.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 10234, "page": null }, "note": "Couplet at line 10234. Gloss at line 10235. OCR: 'karambuas' at line 10234 is 'karambua' + stray 's'. Short formulaic couplet.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "njara beringu tungga — karambua kahanga ruku", "gloss_id": "kuda yang terbagi surai dan kerbau yang bercabang kesan: dikatakan tentang seorang pengantara yang tidak berat sebelah, yang melayani kedua pihak sama baiknya untuk mencapai persesuaian dan perdamaian.", "gloss_en": "a horse with a parted mane — a buffalo with forked tracks: said of an impartial mediator who serves both parties equally well in reaching agreement and peace.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 10482, "page": "p.163" }, "note": "Couplet at lines 10482–10483. Page marker [p.163] at line 10488. Gloss at lines 10484–10486. Reversed form of entry 985 (line 3754).", "uncertain": false, "shelved": true } ], "lawiti_freq": 12 }, { "id": "wei", "kambera": "wei", "name_en": "Pig", "name_id": "Babi", "category": "animal", "main": true, "binomial": "Sus scrofa (introduced)", "adams": "p.149", "desc_en": "Bridewealth and sacrifice: the jet-black pig of the great feasts, the tusked boar of warrior similes. Adams records that the pig does not appear on ikat — it is embroidered on lau (women's skirts) only.", "desc_id": "Belis dan kurban: babi hitam legam perjamuan besar, babi bertaring dalam kiasan pahlawan. Adams mencatat babi tidak muncul pada ikat — hanya disulam pada lau (sarung perempuan).", "objects": [ "quaibranly-sumba/70-2001-27-608.jpg", "quaibranly-sumba/70-2001-27-612.jpg", "quaibranly-sumba/70-2001-27-613.jpg", "quaibranly-sumba/70-2001-27-614.jpg", "quaibranly-sumba/70-2001-27-744.jpg", "quaibranly-sumba/70-2001-27-745.jpg", "quaibranly-sumba/70-2001-27-746.jpg", "quaibranly-sumba/70-2001-27-747.jpg", "quaibranly-sumba/70-2001-27-748.jpg", "quaibranly-sumba/70-2001-27-749.jpg", "quaibranly-sumba/70-2001-27-750.jpg", "quaibranly-sumba/70-2001-27-751.jpg", "quaibranly-sumba/70-2001-27-752.jpg", "quaibranly-sumba/70-2001-27-753.jpg" ], "couplets": [ { "kambera": "kangeha ahu — katiku wei", "gloss_id": "tuah anjing dan kepala babi; pada kepala anjing terdapat tanda-tanda yang menyatakan tuah atau untung nasib anjing; kepala babi merupakan bagian utama yang mengandung khasiat yang menguntungkan; maksud: bahwa putri dari saudara laki-laki ibu merupakan sesuatu yang utama bagi putra dari saudara perempuan bapa, anak perempuan itu merupakan hak yang harus dimiliki oleh anak laki-laki yang tak boleh diambil oleh orang lain.", "gloss_en": "The luck-sign of a dog — the head of a pig; the head is the principal and auspicious part of the pig; meaning: the daughter of one's maternal uncle is the primary right of one's son — she cannot be taken by another.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 134, "page": null }, "note": "Entry number not visible in immediate context (appears before entry numbering resumes at p.7). Pig sense clear: kepala babi as the auspicious portion of the sacrificial/ritual animal, parallel to kangeha (fortune-sign) of the dog.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "ahu kanduka rundu' — wei malara ditu", "gloss_id": "anjing kehabisan salak dan babi pedis pikulan; anjing yang terus-menerus menyalak sampai kehabisan suara dan demikian babi yang terlalu lama dalam pikulan akan merasa kepedisan; maksud: usaha mengejar lawan/musuh sampai habis-habisan, kejar terus-menerus.", "gloss_en": "A dog that has exhausted its bark — a pig that is sore from the carrying-pole; meaning: pursuing an enemy or opponent relentlessly to the last.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 146, "page": null }, "note": "Pig sense clear: babi in pikulan (carrying-pole). Bridewealth-transport context strongly implied by pikulan.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "ana wei kawondi — ana manu ramu", "gloss_id": "anak babi montok dan anak ayam muda; maksud: ungkapan ini ditujukan juga bagi 'anakawini' untuk menyatakan rasa kasih sayang dalam pengertian: anak yang senantiasa diasuh dan dipelihara dengan baik.", "gloss_en": "A plump piglet — a young chick; referring to the 'anakawini' (wife-taking group) as cherished children who are always well nurtured and cared for.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": 63, "line": 330, "page": "p.10" }, "note": "Entry 63 sighted at line 330; page p.10 marker at line 334. Piglet formula. Duplicate attestation at line 4339 (entry 1152 'kawondi ana wei kawondi — ana manu ramu' — same text, different entry header).", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "woru ana wei — woru ana ahu", "gloss_id": "berbiak anak babi dan berbiak anak anjing; maksud: anak-anak yang lahir dari perhubugan suami istri, anak-anak perempuan dan anak-anak laki-laki.", "gloss_en": "Multiplying piglets — multiplying puppies; meaning: the children born of a married couple — daughters and sons.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 360, "page": "p.10" }, "note": "Offspring/litter formula pairing pig offspring and dog offspring. Duplicate attestation at lines 11195-11196 (entry 3101: 'woru ana ahu ma woru ana wei' — same text inverted).", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "na wei kabeli bai — na kamambi meti ina", "gloss_id": "babi yang ditinggalkan induk dan kambing yang mati ibunya; maksud: ungkapan ini untuk menyatakan hal anak piatu yang tidak mempunyai orang tua lagi, juga dikiaskan terhadap orang yang hidup tanpa pengampu yang dapat melindunginya.", "gloss_en": "A pig abandoned by its mother — a goat whose mother has died; meaning: an orphan without parents, or a person who lives without a protector.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 634, "page": null }, "note": "Orphan piglet formula. Duplicate attestation at line 2381 ('kabeli na wei kabeli bai — na kamambi meti ina' — same text with different run-on prefix).", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "barahu ngangu uhu. barahu — tolu wei la julangu", "gloss_id": "makan nasi beras putih dan daging babi di dulang; nasi dari padi pulut hitam dan daging babi dalam dulang, merupakan makanan istimewa untuk menjamu orang terhormat.", "gloss_en": "Eating white rice — pork on a dulang platter; rice from black glutinous paddy and pork in a dulang — special food for honouring distinguished guests.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 766, "page": "p.17" }, "note": "OCR: 'barah®' at line 766 corrected to 'barahu' per gloss context. Page p.17 marker at line 758. Ritual-feast context. Duplicate attestations: line 2464 (entry 619, different A-line: 'kadita kadita pari nggangga — tolu wei la julangu') and line 10300. The B-line 'tolu wei la julangu' is the constant element; the A-line varies.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "na buti bora — na wei nggali", "gloss_id": "kera jantan dan babi bertaring; keterangan: kera jantan dan babi jantan yang sudah bertaring merupakan binatang yang ganas, yang selalu siap untuk menyerang, keduanya melambangkan para pahlawan yang selalu waspada dan bersiap mempertahankan diri.", "gloss_en": "A male long-tailed monkey — a tusked boar; both are fierce animals always ready to attack, together they symbolise warriors who are perpetually alert and ready to defend.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 888, "page": "p.20" }, "note": "Tusked boar (wei nggali = babi bertaring). OCR: line 888 is embedded in a multi-column garbled OCR block. Page p.20 marker at line 901.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "dola dola wihi njara — riti wunggu wei", "gloss_id": "kudis kaki kuda dan seram punggung babi; maksud: akan menyatakan timbulnya penyakit dalam negeri, khusus yang mengenai hewan, tetapi dengan am juga mengenai segenap penduduk.", "gloss_en": "Scabby legs on the horse — mange on the pig's back; meaning: the appearance of disease in the land, affecting animals but also by extension the whole population.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 1097, "page": "p.23" }, "note": "Page p.23 marker at line 1101. Duplicate attestation at line 1159 (same text with asterisk: 'dola wihi njara — riti wunggu wei: *'). Inverted as 'hariti wunggu wei — hadola wihi njara' at line 1752; variant with 'hadala' at line 1340.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "napaeti wei rumbangu — napaura manu tatangu", "gloss_id": "ia berhati seperti babi hutan dan berurat seperti ayam liar; dikatakan terhadap orang bersipat dan bertindak liar, tidak menghiraukan tata cara hidup yang dianut oleh masyarakat setempat, orang yang tidak sopan, berlaku kasar.", "gloss_en": "He has the heart of a wild pig — the sinews of a wild chicken; said of someone who behaves wildly and ignores the social norms of the community — an uncouth and rude person.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 1255, "page": null }, "note": "Wild pig (wei rumbangu = babi hutan). Social censure context.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "hadala wihi njara — hariti wunggu wei", "gloss_id": "koreng seperti kaki kuda dan seram seperti punggung babi; dikatakan untuk mengungkapkan keadaan yang sementara berlaku, yaitu adanya penyakit dalam masyarakat.", "gloss_en": "Sores like a horse's legs — mange like a pig's back; said to describe a prevailing condition of disease in the community.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 1340, "page": "p.27" }, "note": "Page p.27 marker at line 1336. Variant of the 'dola wihi njara — riti wunggu wei' couplet (line 1097). Also inverted at line 1752 as 'hariti wunggu wei — hadola wihi njara'.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "ambu hapili la kiku manu rara — ambu tanganjiru la ngora wei tana", "gloss_id": "jangan miring seperti ekor ayam merah dan jangan tengadah seperti moncong babi merah; dikatakan tentang suatu sikap seseorang terhadap yang lain, yang satu mau mengelakkan diri dari yang lain, bila bertemu tidak mau melihat teman, tetapi membelokkan muka ke kiri atau ke kanan, atau mengangkat muka ke atas.", "gloss_en": "Do not tilt like the tail of a red chicken — do not raise up like the snout of a red pig; said of someone who avoids another person, turning their face aside or lifting it upward when they meet.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 1692, "page": "p.33" }, "note": "Page p.33 marker at line 1684. Couplet spans lines 1692-1694 ('wei tana' at line 1694). Also attested at lines 2614 (fragment in garbled context) and 3629 (entry 946).", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "na hombalu kababa — na nimbu wei handakangu", "gloss_id": "ia sebagai tali besar pendek dan sebagai tombak babi yang sekali; dikatakan tentang orang yang mati, yang tak melalui sakit yang lama, jadi berarti ia mati dalam keadaan mendadak.", "gloss_en": "He is like a short thick rope — like a single-blow pig spear; said of a person who dies without prolonged illness — a sudden death.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 2005, "page": null }, "note": "Pig-spear (nimbu wei = tombak babi) in sudden-death context. Duplicate attestations at line 2338 (garbled OCR: 'nanimbu wei handaka — nganimus') and line 7120 (entry 1955, fuller gloss from courtship context).", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "ambu kawulanya la wei — ambu huluya la tuna", "gloss_id": "jangan buru (terang bulan) dia seperti babi dan jangan suluh dia seperti belut; dikatakan tentang suatu pembicaraan atau urusan, jangan dilangsungkan pada malam, jadi kalau pembicaraan itu sudah kedapatan malam harus dihentikan sampai hari berikutnya.", "gloss_en": "Do not chase it by moonlight as you would a pig, — do not torch it as you would an eel; said of a matter or discussion that should not be continued at night — if night falls it must be deferred until the next day.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": 1164, "line": 2054, "page": null }, "note": "Entry 1164 sighted at line 4381 with same gloss. Pig-hunting-by-moonlight formula. OCR: 'Ia' = 'la' corrected silently.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "kadita kadita pari nggangga — tolu wei la julangu", "gloss_id": "pulut padi hitam dan daging babi di dulang; nasi dari padi pulut hitam dan daging babi dalam dulang, merupakan makanan istimewa untuk menjamu orang terhormat.", "gloss_en": "Black glutinous rice — pork in a dulang platter; special food for honouring distinguished guests.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": 619, "line": 2464, "page": "p.45" }, "note": "Entry 619 sighted at line 2464. Page p.45 marker at line 2370. Ritual feast. The B-line is identical to line 766; the A-line here is different.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "kahinggaru la wei mbera — tanyalangu la manu mutungu", "gloss_id": "berpisah seperti babi kalah (perang) dan tercerai seperti ayam kebakaran (kampung); dikatakan tentang suatu perpisahan keluarga atau kelompok yang tadinya masih bersama-sama sekarang harus tercerai-berai.", "gloss_en": "Scattered like pigs routed in battle — dispersed like chickens in a village fire; said of a family or group that was once together but is now broken apart.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 2584, "page": null }, "note": "OCR: 'ahinggaru.la' at line 2584 reads 'kahinggaru la'; pig sense clear (babi kalah perang). Duplicate attestations: line 6784 ('tanyalangu la manu mutungu — kahinggaru la wei mbera', inverted) and line 9747 ('tanyalangu la manu mutungu — kahinggaru wei mbera', same order as 6784).", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "kakaluku na manu makakaluku — na wei makanguku", "gloss_id": "ayam yang berkeok dan babi yang mendengus; dikatakan tentang orang yang akan bertindak membela orang yang dianiaya atau disusahkan orang.", "gloss_en": "A crowing chicken — a grunting pig; said of someone who will act to defend a person who has been wronged or oppressed.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": 682, "line": 2694, "page": null }, "note": "Entry 682 sighted at line 2694. Pig grunt = defender's warning. Duplicate at line 2706 ('kakaraku buti makakaraku — wei makanguku', different A-line, cross-referenced to No. 407).", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "kakaraku buti makakaraku — wei makanguku", "gloss_id": "kera yang mencereceh dan babi yang mendengus; maksudnya sama dengan No. 407.", "gloss_en": "A chattering monkey — a grunting pig; meaning the same as entry No. 407.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 2706, "page": null }, "note": "Kapita explicitly cross-references 'No. 407'. Different A-line from entry 682 (line 2694) but same B-line and same meaning. Kept as separate entry per different couplet text.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "kalenggaru manu kalenggaru tara — wei luhu uli", "gloss_id": "ayam lengkung susuh dan babi keluar taring; dikatakan tentang ayam dan babi yang pantas untuk dibantai bagi tamu yang terhormat.", "gloss_en": "A chicken with a curved comb — a pig with protruding tusks; said of the chicken and pig that are suitable for slaughter in honour of distinguished guests.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 2797, "page": null }, "note": "Ritual slaughter for guests. Immediately followed at line 2802 by companion couplet 'pamanggalinya uli wei — paka lenggarunya tara manu'.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "pamanggalinya uli wei — paka lenggarunya tara manu", "gloss_id": "meliukkan taring babi dan melengkungkan susuh ayam; dikatakan tentang persediaan babi dan ayam untuk suatu upacara pemujaan penting, yang disebut: 'Pamangu Ndewa' (menjamu para dewa).", "gloss_en": "Curving the tusks of the pig — arching the comb of the chicken; said of preparing pigs and chickens for an important ritual — the 'Pamangu Ndewa' (feast for the gods).", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 2802, "page": null }, "note": "Ritual sacrifice context (Pamangu Ndewa). Companion to line 2797.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "kalira kalira wunggu wei — wiju kambu ahu", "gloss_id": "pipih punggung babi dan kempis perut anjing; dikatakan tentang musim kelaparan, di mana nyata dari keadaan babi yang pipih punggungnya dan anjing yang kempis perutnya karena kurus, berhubung dengan kelaparan.", "gloss_en": "A pig with a flat back — a dog with a hollow belly; said of a season of famine, visible in the thinness of pigs and dogs.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 2837, "page": null }, "note": "Famine imagery. Duplicate attestations: line 5855 ('malira wunggu wei — wiju kambu ahu', variant A-line) and line 8788 (entry 2427: 'pariti wunggu wei — wiju kambu ahu', variant A-line).", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "da kamimiru da ana manu patu:na pani — da kanyu-nyulu dan ana wei patuna uhu", "gloss_id": "menggeriak anak ayam yang diberinya makan dan berkerumun anak babi yang diberinya nasi; dikatakan tentang usaha seorang ibu dalam menternakkan ayam dan babi, sebagai akibat dari kerajinannya.", "gloss_en": "Cheeping chicks that she feeds — clustering piglets that she gives rice to; said of a mother's industrious effort in raising chickens and pigs.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": 770, "line": 3001, "page": "p.54" }, "note": "Entry 770 sighted at line 3001. Page p.54 at line 3010. Piglet-litter formula. OCR: couplet text is garbled at word breaks.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "na wei iru kambuna — buti lunggu ana", "gloss_id": "babi menyeret perut dan kera menggendong anak; dikatakan tentang sesuatu maksud yang masih terkandung, yang belum dinyatakan.", "gloss_en": "A pig dragging its belly — a monkey carrying its young; said of an intention that is still concealed, not yet declared.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 3152, "page": null }, "note": "Pregnant sow dragging belly = concealment metaphor.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "da manu makamimiru la kawindu — da wei makanyunyulu la talora", "gloss_id": "ayam yang menggeriak di serambi dan babi yang berduyun di halaman; dikatakan tentang ternak yang menjadi milik keluarga dan tetangga.", "gloss_en": "Chickens cheeping on the veranda — pigs crowding in the yard; said of livestock belonging to family and neighbours.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 3247, "page": null }, "note": "Pig sense clear: babi berduyun di halaman = pigs clustering in courtyard (domestic pig).", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "kapeta kapeta pandanga wei — kalembangu pandanga njara", "gloss_id": "lapun yang dilupa babi dan jaring yang dilupa kuda; dikatakan tentang suatu peraturan atau larangan yang sering dilupa orang, akhirnya mendapat kesulitan.", "gloss_en": "The snare forgotten by the pig — the net forgotten by the horse; said of a rule or prohibition that people often forget, ultimately bringing them difficulty.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": 923, "line": 3525, "page": null }, "note": "Entry 923 sighted at line 3525. Pig caught in a trap/snare — customary law context.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "handunya karoka, nggapi njara — utinya pungu, pungu koja wei", "gloss_id": "kencangkan betis, betis menjepit kuda dan kedangkan tangan, tangan menikam babi; dikatakan dalam nyanyian tari, mengajak para penari agar bergiat sebagai seorang pemburu berkuda yang menikam babi.", "gloss_en": "Tighten the calf — calves grip the horse; stretch out the arm — hands spear the pig; said in a dance-song urging dancers to be vigorous like a mounted hunter spearing a pig.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 3864, "page": null }, "note": "Ritual pig-hunt / dance context. Extended form with additional limb-couplets attested at lines 9481 and 10712.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "da karunggu pani manu da mapuru nbaru — da uta uhu wei da mapuru malingu", "gloss_id": "pecahan jagung yang turun pagi dan ampas padi... makanan babi; dikatakan tentang kewajiban seorang wanita yang berumah tangga yang selalu menyediakan makanan untuk ternaknya.", "gloss_en": "Corn fragments given in the morning — rice bran for the pigs; said of a woman's domestic duty to always prepare feed for her livestock.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": 1025, "line": 3915, "page": null }, "note": "Entry 1025 sighted at line 3914. OCR: gloss is garbled/incomplete across page. Pig feed domestic context.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "na pakad wei — na pahira buti", "gloss_id": "yang dicarik babi dan yang dirabik monyet; dikatakan tentang seorang anak perempuan yang mendapat kecelakaan.", "gloss_en": "What a pig tears — what a monkey rends; said of a girl who suffers an accident.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": 1100, "line": 4191, "page": "p.72" }, "note": "Entry 1100 sighted at line 4191. Page p.72 at line 4204.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "kaweda wei — maruru njara", "gloss_id": "tua babi dan renta kuda; dikatakan tentang usia manusia yang telah lanjut diandaikan seperti babi dan kuda yang sudah tua.", "gloss_en": "An old pig — an aged horse; said of advanced human age, likened to old pigs and horses.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 4253, "page": null }, "note": "Age formula. Inverted duplicate at line 6242 ('maruru njara — kaweda wei', entry context with explicit gloss that kuda = male domain, wei = female domain).", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "na ana manu mila, ki wanaki la kiri kekana — ana wei la hibu, nguku wanaki la kiri hibu", "gloss_id": "anak ayam piatu hanya menciap di bawah kurungan dan anak babi dalam sarang hanya mendengus di dalam sarang; dikatakan tentang nasib anak piatu, yang tak dapat bersuara besar dalam masyarakat karena kecilnya.", "gloss_en": "An orphaned chick that only cheeps under the cage — a piglet in the pen that only grunts inside the pen; said of an orphan's fate — unable to speak out in society because of their smallness.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 4440, "page": null }, "note": "Orphan piglet formula. OCR: couplet runs across two lines (4440-4441).", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "nda nambatanda malinggi wei — nda nambotanda londa kamba", "gloss_id": "kita tak kepatahan kayu pikulan babi dan tak keputusan sampaian kain; dikatakan tentang hubungan kekeluargaan, antara 'yera' dan 'anakawini' yang terus terpelihara, pihak yera selalu memberi kain dan babi kepada anakawini.", "gloss_en": "May we not break the pig-carrying pole — may the cloth-delivery not run out; said of the ongoing family bond between wife-givers (yera) and wife-takers (anakawini) — the yera always gives cloth and pig to the anakawini.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 5477, "page": null }, "note": "Bridewealth context: pikulan babi (pig-carrying pole). Variant forms attested: line 5850 ('ambu nambata na malinggi wei — ambu nambota na londa kamba'), line 6721 (same text as 5850), line 6878 (inverted order). All are the same couplet in variant forms.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "na karunggu pani manu — na uta uhu wei", "gloss_id": "pecahan (jagung) ayam dan ampas (padi) makanan babi; dikatakan tentang kewajiban wanita/istri yang harus menyediakan bahan-bahan makanan untuk ayam dan babi.", "gloss_en": "Corn fragments for the chickens — rice bran as pig food; said of a wife's duty to always prepare feed for her chickens and pigs.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 5981, "page": null }, "note": "Domestic pig-feed context. Inverted duplicate at line 10677 ('uta uhu wei — karunggu pani manu').", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "manu ndewa — wei marapu", "gloss_id": "ayam dewata dan babi leluhur; dikatakan tentang ayam dan babi yang dikuduskan khusus untuk keperluan persembahan untuk Alkhalik melalui para dewata dan leluhur.", "gloss_en": "The chicken of the gods — the pig of the ancestors; said of chickens and pigs consecrated specifically for offerings to the Creator through the divine beings and ancestral spirits.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 5983, "page": null }, "note": "Sacred pig formula: babi marapu (ancestral/ritual pig). Ritual sacrifice context.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "na kapa manu ndewa — na halili wei marapu", "gloss_id": "kepak ayam dewata dan ketiak babi leluhur; dikatakan tentang 'anakawini' sebab merekalah yang berkewajiban melayani sesuatu kebaktian dalam rumah pihak 'yera', mereka adalah pembantu 'ratu' (imam) dalam suatu upacara besar.", "gloss_en": "The wing of the god's chicken — the armpit of the ancestral pig; said of the anakawini who are obligated to serve rituals in the yera's house as assistants to the imam in major ceremonies.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 5986, "page": null }, "note": "Ritual sacrifice context. Inverted duplicate at line 6172 ('marapu halili. wei marapu — kapa manu ndewa').", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "manu rara wakihu — wei miti kumbuhu", "gloss_id": "ayam merah polos dan babi hitam legam; dikatakan tentang warna bulu ayam dan babi yang dikuduskan untuk upacara besar 'pamangu ndewa' (perjamuan dewa).", "gloss_en": "A uniformly red chicken — a jet-black pig; said of the colour of chickens and pigs consecrated for the great 'pamangu ndewa' ceremony (feast of the gods).", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": 1632, "line": 5990, "page": null }, "note": "Entry 1632 sighted at line 5990. Black pig formula for ritual sacrifice. Inverted duplicate at line 10988 ('wei miti kumbuhu — manu rara wakihu').", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "na matangaranya wula koja wei", "gloss_id": "yang menengadah bulan tikam babi; dikatakan tentang mempunyai pacar atau tunangan, yang terus memperhatikan keadaan dewasanya pemudi itu, jadi tak dapat lagi dipinang orang lain.", "gloss_en": "Who looks up at the moon to spear the pig; said of having a betrothed — continuously watching over the young woman's growing maturity so that no one else can court her.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 6415, "page": null }, "note": "OCR: partial couplet; full A-line 'ha. mangadunya mihi ydipa ~ iyangu' is garbled. B-line 'na matangaranya wula koja wei' = pig hunt by moonlight in betrothal context. Marked uncertain as A-line not fully recoverable.", "uncertain": true }, { "kambera": "pambalarunya kamba — pabokulunya wei", "gloss_id": "melebarkan kain dan membesarkan babi baginya; dikatakan tentang perkawinan seorang anak perempuan.", "gloss_en": "Broadening the cloth — fattening the pig for her; said of the marriage of a daughter.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 6654, "page": null }, "note": "Bridewealth context: fattening pigs for marriage payment.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "mbomangu da wei la mbomangu — da ahu la kaheli", "gloss_id": "babi di bawah kolong dan anjing di atas balai-balai; dikatakan tentang hamba sahaya yang dinilai sebagai babi dan anjing.", "gloss_en": "Pigs under the floorboards — dogs on the sleeping platform; said of slaves who were valued like pigs and dogs.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 6856, "page": null }, "note": "Social status / slavery context. Pig under the house = low-status domestic animal.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "nanimbu wei handakangu — nakabela njoru memangu", "gloss_id": "jangan tuli terhadap kita seperti kuali leburan; dikatakan oleh seorang pemuda yang melamar seorang pemudi, agar memperhatikan seruannya dan mendengar permohonannya; ia memakai tombak babi yang sekali dan memakai parang yang terus menjatuhkan.", "gloss_en": "Do not be deaf to us like a smelting pot; said by a young man courting a young woman, urging her to heed his call; he carries the single-blow pig spear and the always-striking blade.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": 1955, "line": 7120, "page": null }, "note": "Entry 1955 sighted at line 7120. Pig-spear (nimbu wei) in courtship context.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "watu pandoku njara — kapeta pandanga wei", "gloss_id": "batu yang dikhilapi kuda dan jaring yang dikelirui babi; dikatakan tentang hukum yang sering dilupa orang yang berbuat salah, seperti kuda lupa batu sehingga terantuk dan babi lupa jaring sehingga terjerat.", "gloss_en": "The stone tripped over by the horse — the snare stumbled into by the pig; said of a customary law frequently forgotten by wrongdoers — as a horse forgets a stone and stumbles, and a pig forgets a net and is caught.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": 2023, "line": 7359, "page": "p.119" }, "note": "Entry 2023 sighted at line 7359. Page p.119 at line 7355.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "pariti wunggu wei — wiju kambu ahu", "gloss_id": "seram punggung babi dan kempis perut anjing; dikatakan tentang keadaan hewan pada musim paceklik, karena kekurangan makan menjadi kurus kering, yang menggambarkan pula keadaan manusia.", "gloss_en": "The mangy back of a pig — the hollow belly of a dog; said of the condition of animals in a lean season — thin from lack of food, mirroring the condition of humans.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": 2427, "line": 8788, "page": null }, "note": "Entry 2427 sighted at line 8788. Famine imagery. Variant A-line of the 'kalira/malira wunggu wei' couplet family (lines 2837, 5855).", "uncertain": false, "shelved": true }, { "kambera": "rumbaku hapa iyangu — pangga windu wei", "gloss_id": "merombak empangan ikan dan melanggar babi; dikatakan tentang suatu pelanggaran hukum adat, khusus dalam masalah perkawinan, pantang kawin dalam lingkungan 'kabihu' (clan).", "gloss_en": "Breaking the fish dam — transgressing the pig prohibition; said of violating customary law, especially the prohibition against marrying within one's own clan.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 9501, "page": null }, "note": "Pig prohibition (windu wei = pantang babi). Inverted duplicate at line 11100 ('pangga windu wei — rumbaku hapa iyangu').", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "manu tahiku tilu — wei hoba karaba", "gloss_id": "ayam yang mematuk telur dan babi yang makan palungan; dikatakan tentang hubungan seks antara ibu kandung dengan anak kandung, suatu dosa yang tak dapat diampuni, imbalannya mati dibunuh.", "gloss_en": "A chicken pecking its own egg — a pig eating from the trough of its own kin; said of sexual relations between a mother and her own child — an unforgivable sin punishable by death.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 9573, "page": null }, "note": "Incest taboo. Pig eating from kin's trough = boundary violation. Duplicate attestation at line 10135.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "na-njara tidungu — na-wei kawanga", "gloss_id": "ia seperti kuda yang membangkang dan seperti babi yang tuli; dikatakan tentang orang yang suka melawan, tak mau mendengar teguran dan nasihat.", "gloss_en": "Like a horse that refuses the bit — like a pig that is deaf; said of someone who is rebellious and refuses to heed reprimands or advice.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": 2797, "line": 10109, "page": "p.158" }, "note": "Entry 2797 sighted at line 10109. Page p.158 at line 10106. Stubborn pig formula.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "hunju wei — tobungu karambua", "gloss_id": "menikam babi dan memotong kerbau; dua cara untuk memotong hewan untuk lauk makan minum.", "gloss_en": "Spearing a pig — slaughtering a buffalo; the two methods of butchering animals for a feast.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 10234, "page": null }, "note": "Ritual slaughter pair: pig stabbing method vs buffalo cutting method.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "nda ningu wei mapstombu — nda ningu buti makakaraku", "gloss_id": "tak ada babi yang mendengus dan tak ada kera yang mencereceh; dikatakan tentang keadaan keluarga, suku dan negeri yang tak ada seorang tokoh yang bertindak sebagai pemimpin atau pelindung.", "gloss_en": "No grunting pig — no chattering monkey; said of a family, clan or community that has no figure acting as leader or protector.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": 2856, "line": 10311, "page": null }, "note": "Entry 2856 sighted at line 10310. OCR: 'mapstombu' is a garbled form of the Kambera word for 'grunting' (likely 'makastombu' or 'makanguku'). Pig-as-protector formula.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "tumbuku mamuli — hapui kalibu wei", "gloss_id": "menempa mamuli dan meniup bunga kecubung; dikatakan tentang bujukan dan ajakan terhadap seseorang atau segolongan untuk turut bersama-sama menentang pihak lain.", "gloss_en": "Forging a mamuli ornament — blowing the kecubung flower; said of persuasion and incitement to join together in opposing another party.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": 2892, "line": 10432, "page": null }, "note": "Entry 2892 sighted at line 10432. 'kalibu wei' glossed as 'bunga kecubung' (jimsonweed/datura flower). Pig sense uncertain: 'wei' may be part of a plant compound name or may indicate a pig-associated ritual plant. Marked uncertain.", "uncertain": true }, { "kambera": "uhu memi mata — wei meti lari", "gloss_id": "nasi masak mentah dan babi mati hidup; dikatakan tentang suatu urusan yang telah selesai dan telah dikuatkan dengan perjamuan makan minum, namun digugat kembali.", "gloss_en": "Rice cooked yet raw — a pig dead yet alive; said of a matter that has been concluded and sealed with a feast but is then disputed again.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": 3043, "line": 10997, "page": null }, "note": "Entry 3043 sighted at line 10997. Pig death in feast-sealing context; dispute after formal pig feast.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "katari hupu kamba — langgeha wihi wei", "gloss_id": "usang ujung kain dan ciut kaki babi; dikatakan tentang urusan perkawinan yang lambat dilaksanakan oleh pihak keluarga laki-laki, sehingga kain-kain hadiah telah lusuh dan kaki babi-babi telah luka karena diikat.", "gloss_en": "The cloth gift worn thin at the hem — the pig's legs sore from being tied; said of a marriage settlement delayed by the man's family until the gift cloths have become threadbare and the pigs' legs are raw from the rope.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": 3044, "line": 10998, "page": null }, "note": "Entry 3044 sighted at line 10998. Bridewealth delay: pigs tied awaiting marriage payment. Very specific ritual context.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "ngepiya la njara — hahaya la wei", "gloss_id": "jepit seperti kuda dan desak seperti babi; dikatakan tentang satu pihak memaksa pihak yang lain.", "gloss_en": "Grip like a horse — press like a pig; said of one party forcing another.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": 3045, "line": 11001, "page": null }, "note": "Entry 3045 sighted at line 11001. OCR: 'hdhaya' at line 11002 corrected to 'hahaya' (desak/press) per gloss.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "manguriya la wei — hajeruya la manau", "gloss_id": "menyungkur seperti babi dan mengais seperti ayam; dikatakan tentang tuntutan pihak 'yera' (pemberi wanita) kepada pihak 'anakawini' (pengambil wanita).", "gloss_en": "Rooting like a pig — scratching like a chicken; said of the demands made by the wife-givers (yera) upon the wife-takers (anakawini).", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": 3042, "line": 11012, "page": null }, "note": "Entry 3042 sighted at line 11012. Pig rooting in aggressive bridewealth-demand context.", "uncertain": false } ], "lawiti_freq": 88, "parked": true }, { "id": "buti", "kambera": "buti", "name_en": "Monkey", "name_id": "Kera", "category": "animal", "main": true, "binomial": "Macaca fascicularis (human-introduced)", "adams": "pp.112, 114, 138, 145", "desc_en": "Warrior vigilance in the couplets — and one of the two canonical forms of the mamuli gold ornament: the turning monkey. The monkey is human-introduced on Sumba, strengthening a reading of contact-borne imagery.", "desc_id": "Kewaspadaan pahlawan dalam baitan — dan salah satu dari dua bentuk kanonik mamuli: kera yang menoleh. Kera dibawa manusia ke Sumba, memperkuat bacaan citraan hasil kontak.", "objects": [ "mkb-basel/IIc_8709.jpg", "mkb-basel/IIc_8710.jpg", "quaibranly-sumba/70-2001-27-751.jpg", "quaibranly-sumba/71-1961-15-5.jpg" ], "couplets": [ { "kambera": "na buti bora — na wei nggali", "gloss_id": "kera jantan dan babi bertaring: keterangan: kera jantan dan babi jantan yang sudah bertaring merupakan binatang yang ganas, yang selalu siap untuk menyerang, keduanya melambangkan para pahlawan yang selalu waspada dan bersiap mempertahankan diri, kalau perlu tidak segan untuk menyerang.", "gloss_en": "a male monkey — a tusked pig: the adult male monkey and the tusked boar are fierce animals always ready to attack; both symbolise warriors who are perpetually vigilant and prepared to defend themselves, and not reluctant to attack if necessary.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 888, "page": null }, "note": "Couplet embedded within a dense, multi-column OCR block at lines 887–889. 'buti bora' = male monkey; 'wei nggali' = tusked pig. The entry number is not clearly visible due to OCR layout corruption.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "kakaraku buti makakaraku — wei makanguku", "gloss_id": "kera yang mencereceh dan babi yang mendengus.", "gloss_en": "a monkey that chatters — a pig that grunts.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 2706, "page": null }, "note": "Couplet at line 2706, gloss at line 2707. Cross-reference: 'maksudnya sama dengan No. 407.' Full gloss of 407 not retrieved but context confirmed = monkey. Duplicate motif at line 10311 (reversed/partial).", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "kalahangu — kiku buti, lalu punduku — kahi kara", "gloss_id": "dikatakan tentang keadaan amarah yang telah reda kembali.", "gloss_en": "said of a state of anger that has subsided.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 2766, "page": null }, "note": "Couplet compressed into one OCR line 2766. 'kiku buti' = monkey tail; 'kahi kara' = tortoiseshell. The full couplet form is uncertain due to OCR compaction ('rut tidak naik, tentang air laut' may be part of a separate entry). Gloss given is minimal. Uncertain rendering.", "uncertain": true }, { "kambera": "na wei iru kambuna — buti lunggu ana", "gloss_id": "babi menyeret perut dan kera menggendong anak: dikatakan tentang sesuatu maksud yang masih terkandung, yang belum dinyatakan.", "gloss_en": "a pig dragging its belly — a monkey carrying its young: said of an intention that is still concealed and not yet declared.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 3152, "page": null }, "note": "Couplet at line 3152, gloss at lines 3153–3154. 'buti lunggu ana' = kera menggendong anak (monkey carrying young).", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "na pakad wei — na pahira buti", "gloss_id": "yang dicarik babi dan yang dirabik monyet: dikatakan tentang seorang anak perempuan yang mendapat kecelakaan.", "gloss_en": "torn by a pig — rent by a monkey: said of a girl who has suffered an accident/violation.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": 1100, "line": 4191, "page": null }, "note": "Entry 1100 at line 4191. Gloss at lines 4191–4192. 'pahira buti' = dirabik monyet (rent/torn by monkey). The extended gloss was cut off by OCR but confirms 'monyet' (monkey).", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "pakuku la ndau luku — pahuda la buti utangu", "gloss_id": "genting seperti sirih pinggir sungai dan merajuk seperti monyet hutan: dikatakan tentang sifat orang yang mudah tersinggung, sehingga kecil hati dan merajuk terhadap pihak lain.", "gloss_en": "as precarious as a betel vine at the river's edge — as sulky as a forest monkey: said of a person who is easily offended and prone to sulking and withdrawing from others.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": 1260, "line": 4729, "page": null }, "note": "Entry 1260 at line 4729. Gloss at line 4730. Duplicate couplet (reversed) at line 8513 and partial at line 10710. All three glosses confirm 'monyet hutan' (forest monkey). Creating one entry with all attestations.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "yapaya na kiku buti meti", "gloss_id": "memegang ekor keramati: dikatakan tentang sesuatu kekecewaan karena apa yang diharapkan tidak tercapai.", "gloss_en": "holding the tail of a dead monkey: said of a disappointment because what was hoped for was not achieved.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": 1310, "line": 4888, "page": null }, "note": "Entry 1310 at line 4888. Couplet is 'na laba hamba mbera — yapaya na kiku buti meti': 'menjabat tangkai haik pecah dan memegang ekor keramati'. Only the 'buti' half is extracted here; full couplet: 'na laba hamba mbera — yapaya na kiku buti meti'. 'kiku buti meti' = tail of a dead monkey.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "pahuda la buti utangu — pakuku la ndau luku", "gloss_id": "Merajuk seperti kera hutan dan merengek seperti sirih sungai: dikatakan tentang seseorang yang enggan menerima sesuatu karena mau yang lain atau mau yang lebih dari itu.", "gloss_en": "Sulking like a forest monkey — whimpering like riverside betel-vine: said of someone reluctant to accept something because they want something different or more.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": 2344, "line": 8513, "page": "p.136" }, "note": "Also attested as entry 1260 (line 4729), reversed order.", "shelved": true }, { "kambera": "nda ningu wei mapstombu — nda ningu buti makakaraku", "gloss_id": "tak ada babi yang mendengus dan tak ada kera yang mencereceh: dikatakan tentang keadaan keluarga, suku dan negeri yang tak ada seorang tokoh yang bertindak sebagai pemimpin atau pelindung.", "gloss_en": "there is no grunting pig — no chattering monkey: said of a family, clan or land that has no figure acting as leader or protector.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 10311, "page": null }, "note": "Couplet at line 10311. Gloss at line 10312. OCR: 'mapstombu' likely = 'mapatumbu' or 'matumbu' (mendengus = grunting). Paired motif with line 2706 (kakaraku buti makakaraku — wei makanguku). 'buti makakaraku' = kera mencereceh. [OCR uncertain — verify against print]", "uncertain": true }, { "kambera": "da matuku kaka — da madai buti", "gloss_id": "yang melempar kakatua dan yang menjaga monyet: dikatakan orang-orang yang ada di ladang atau padang.", "gloss_en": "those who throw at cockatoos — those who guard monkeys: said of people who are out in the field or open grassland.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 10401, "page": null }, "note": "Couplet at line 10401. Gloss at line 10402. 'buti' = monyet (monkey). No entry number visible.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "wilaku buti — kaka mbelu", "gloss_id": "Kera menoleh dan kakatua geleng: dikatakan tentang bentuk dua macam mamuli, dipakai dalam urusan perkawinan dan kekeluargaan, dengan motif kera yang sedang menoleh dan kakatua yang menggeleng-geleng kepala.", "gloss_en": "The monkey turns its head — the cockatoo nods: said of the two canonical forms of the mamuli gold ornament, used in bridewealth and kinship affairs — the turning monkey and the nodding cockatoo.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 11057, "page": "p.169+" }, "note": "The mamuli-motif couplet; shared with the mamuli register. Strengthens the contact/borrowed-imagery reading of the monkey (Macaca fascicularis is human-introduced on Sumba)." }, { "kambera": "wilaku buti wilaku — kaka mbelu", "gloss_id": "kera menoleh dan kakatua geleng: dikatakan tentang bentuk dua macam mamuli (harafiah: yang menghubungkan), dipakai dalam urusan perkawinan dan urusan kekeluargaan yang lain dengan memakai motif kera yang sedang menoleh dan kakatua yang kepalanya menggeleng-geleng.", "gloss_en": "a monkey turning its head — a cockatoo nodding: said of the two forms of mamuli (literally: 'that which connects') used in marriage and kinship matters, bearing the motif of a monkey turning its head and a cockatoo shaking its head.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 11057, "page": null }, "note": "Couplet at line 11057. Gloss at lines 11058–11059. Significant for material culture: describes mamuli jewelry motif.", "uncertain": false, "shelved": true } ], "lawiti_freq": 13 }, { "id": "kaka", "kambera": "kaka", "name_en": "Cockatoo", "name_id": "Kakatua", "category": "animal", "main": true, "binomial": "Cacatua citrinocristata (Sumba endemic, Critically Endangered)", "adams": "p.140", "desc_en": "The citron-crested cockatoo, endemic to Sumba and now critically endangered. In ritual speech it teaches protocol: approach nobility gradually, assemble in council as the flocking birds do. Paired with the myna (pirihu).", "desc_id": "Kakatua jambul kuning, endemik Sumba dan kini kritis terancam punah. Dalam bahasa ritual ia mengajarkan tata krama: mendekati yang mulia dengan bertahap, berhimpun bermusyawarah seperti burung berkawan. Berpasangan dengan tiung (pirihu).", "objects": [ "bm-sumba/BM_As1949-09-4.jpg", "quaibranly-sumba/71-1955-68-51.jpg", "quaibranly-sumba/71-1955-68-53.jpg" ], "couplets": [ { "kambera": "pakabela bahi borungu — pakawori yuu kakangu", "gloss_id": "seperti parang besi simpai dan seperti bulat lidah kakatua: maksud: ungkapan ini menyatakan keadaan lidah orang yang berkata-kata yang tidak mempan seperti parang dari besi simpai dan bulat seperti lidah kakatua, jadi akan menyatakan bahwa ia tidak fasih untuk berkata-kata.", "gloss_en": "Clenched like a hoop-iron parang — rounded like a cockatoo's tongue: a person whose speech is ineffectual, whose tongue is as blunt as iron-bound steel and as rounded (unable to articulate sharply) as a cockatoo's tongue — meaning someone inarticulate.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": 132, "line": 602, "page": null }, "note": "Cockatoo-tongue metaphor for inarticulate speech. Entry 132 sighted at sequence L608. Gloss runs L602-610. Verbatim duplicate at L2429-2431 ('kabuli bahi boru — kawori yuu kaka' with variant stem kabuli/pakabela).", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "na makatangu jara bahi — ngepi kaka", "gloss_id": "yang memegang penggerek besi dan jepit kakatua: maksud: ungkapan ini ditujukan kepada: Umbu Ropa — Umbu Nyali, Tara Hau — Lulu Weu, Marapu (Leluhur) yang menurunkan kabihu-kabihu: Kabunu — Dari Ndipi, Hadi — Harikundu.", "gloss_en": "The holder of the iron borer — the cockatoo-grip: directed at the ancestral Marapu pairs Umbu Ropa–Umbu Nyali and Tara Hau–Lulu Weu, the founding ancestors of specific clans.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": 133, "line": 614, "page": null }, "note": "Ancestral-identity formula using cockatoo tool-grip as clan marker. Entry 133 sighted at L609 in sequence.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "pirihu hadodi — kaka mahangiri", "gloss_id": "tiung yang mendekati dan kakatua yang menghampiri: dikatakan tentang siapa yang ingin menghadap atasan, umpama seorang raja/pembesar, juga kepada pihak \"yera\" (pihak pemberi wanita): mencontohi sifat-sifat burung tiung dan kakatua yang suka merapati kawannya, begitu halnya orang yang menghadapi atasannya secara mesra.", "gloss_en": "The myna bird that draws near — the cockatoo that approaches: used of whoever wishes to attend on a superior — a chief or the wife-giving clan — modelling the behaviour of the myna and cockatoo that draw close to their companion; thus one approaches an authority figure with warm deference.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": 252, "line": 1153, "page": null }, "note": "Protocol/approach formula. Entry 252 sighted at L1157. Verbatim B-A reversal at L1605 ('kaka mahangiri — pirihu hadoka…', OCR garble at end). Also re-cited at L1370 (highly garbled OCR column). Core couplet here taken as line 1153.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "hura na uhu hura tanaka — na wataru hanggela kakaka", "gloss_id": "ia telah sebagai padi yang timbul di tanah dan sebagai jagung berupa gombak kakatua: dikatakan keadaan seorang anak yang telah mulai nampak besarnya.", "gloss_en": "He has become like rice sprouting from the ground — like maize in the cockatoo-crest form: describing a child who is visibly beginning to grow up.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 2082, "page": null }, "note": "Growth metaphor. 'Gombak kakatua' = cockatoo crest, applied to the tassel/crest of a maize ear. 'kakaka' at end of line 2082 is likely OCR duplication of 'kaka'. Entry number not visible. [OCR uncertain — verify against print]", "uncertain": true }, { "kambera": "kaka mahangiri — pirihu hadodi", "gloss_id": "Kakatua yang menghampiri dan tiung yang mendekati: dikatakan tentang cara menghadapi seseorang yang mulia atau dewata — harus seperti kakatua atau tiung yang maju mendekat dengan bertahap.", "gloss_en": "The cockatoo that approaches — the myna that draws near: said of the proper way to approach a noble person or a venerated deity — coming forward gradually, like the cockatoo and the myna.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": 679, "line": 2683, "page": "p.49" }, "note": "Also attested at line 1605 (p.32) and entry 292 (line 1153). Protocol of approaching nobility/divinity.", "shelved": true }, { "kambera": "kaka kaka mahangiri — pirihu hadodi", "gloss_id": "kakatua yang mendekat dan tiung yang merapat: dikatakan tentang cara menghadap seorang atau sekelompok orang yang mulia, harus berlaku seperti kakatua dan tiung yang mendekat dan merapat secara berangsur-angsur, maksudnya menghadap dengan sopansantun.", "gloss_en": "The cockatoo that draws near — the myna that closes in: used of the manner in which one approaches a person or group of high rank — one must proceed like the cockatoo and myna that move closer gradually, meaning: approach with courtesy and decorum.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": 679, "line": 2683, "page": null }, "note": "Protocol/approach formula. Entry 679 sighted at line 2683. 'kaka kaka' at start likely reduplication for emphasis (cockatua, cockatua) or OCR doubling — taken verbatim.", "uncertain": false, "shelved": true }, { "kambera": "kaka makanguhuru — pirihu pauli", "gloss_id": "Kakatua yang berhimpun dan tiung yang berkumpul: dikatakan tentang rapat keluarga ataupun rapat para pembesar, dikiaskan dengan tiung dan kakatua yang berkumpul.", "gloss_en": "The cockatoos that flock together — the mynas that assemble: said of a family gathering or a council of chiefs, likened to the birds that gather in numbers.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": 680, "line": 2685, "page": "p.49" }, "note": "Also attested reversed at line 8957 (p.142). Flocking-bird = council/assembly formula." }, { "kambera": "kaka makanguhuru — pitihu pauli", "gloss_id": "kakatua yang berhimpun dan tiung yang berkumpul: dikatakan tentang suatu rapat keluarga ataupun rapat para pembesar, dikiaskan dengan tiung dan kakatua yang berkumpul.", "gloss_en": "The cockatoo that assembles — the myna that congregates: used of a family council or a gathering of chiefs, likened to the myna and cockatoo coming together.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": 680, "line": 2685, "page": null }, "note": "Assembly/council formula. Entry 680 sighted at line 2685. 'pitihu' is OCR variant of 'pirihu' (myna). Verbatim duplicate at L3421 (entry 896 context): 'kanguhuru ot kaka makanguhuru — pirihu pauli' with fuller entry-heading; 'ot' appears to be OCR intrusion.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "uwa kaka — tumbu kadu", "gloss_id": "uban putih dan tumbuh tanduk: dikatakan tentang umur panjang, orang yang sudah lanjut usianya ditandai oleh rambut yang uban dan bintil hitam pada kepala seakan-akan tanduknya.", "gloss_en": "White-haired like the cockatoo — horn-bumped: describing old age — a person of great years is marked by white hair (like the cockatoo's crest) and dark protrusions on the scalp as if growing horns.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": 681, "line": 2688, "page": null }, "note": "Old-age formula. Entry 681 sighted at line 2688. 'uwa kaka' = white (uwa/uban) cockatoo. Duplicate at L10720 (entry context ~2965): 'uwangu uwa kaka — tumbu kadu'; 'uwangu' is possessive variant. Also cited in multi-item list at L578.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "pakati kakangu — panjaba njarangu", "gloss_id": "gigit seperti kakatua dan cakup seperti kuda: dikatakan tentang keadaan urat ayam yang diramalkan, apabila urat bersambung baik dengan lipatan usus yang di tengah, tandanya nasib baik, ramalan tepat dan diterima oleh Alkhalik dengan perantaraan para leluhur.", "gloss_en": "Bite like the cockatoo — clamp like the horse: used in divination by chicken entrails — if the tendons are well connected to the central intestinal fold, it is a good omen, the divination is accurate and accepted by the Creator through the ancestors.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 4024, "page": null }, "note": "Divination formula. Cockatoo's bite-strength as divination referent. Entry number not visible in context.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "danyuluru-ka da oka wawa uma — datungguluka da kaka dita uma", "gloss_id": "telah rebah pagar di bawah rumah dan telah bertengger kakatua di atas rumah: dikatakan tentang usia yang telah lanjut, sehingga gigi telah roboh dan rambut telah uban.", "gloss_en": "The fence below the house has already toppled — the cockatoo has already perched on top of the house: describing extreme old age — teeth have fallen out and hair has turned white (like the cockatoo's white crest).", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 7188, "page": null }, "note": "Old-age formula. Verbatim duplicates at L6729 (entry 1838 context, reversed: 'datungguluka da kaka dita uma' first), L7771 ('danjuluru-ka da oka wawa uma — datungguluka da kaka dita uma'), and L10496 (entry 2910 context). The cockatoo's white crest = white hair metaphor.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "pandabangu njara rara — paranjangu tuku kaka", "gloss_id": "membariskan kuda merah dan serentak melempar kakatua: dikatakan tentang kerja sama yang serentak dalam suatu peristiwa yang dihadapi bersama, umpama dalam hal menantang lawan atau musuh.", "gloss_en": "Lining up the red horses — simultaneously hurling the cockatoo: used of concerted collective action in a shared crisis, for example in challenging a rival or enemy.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 7252, "page": null }, "note": "Concerted-action war formula. 'Melempar kakatua' may be a ritual gesture or a specific war-cry action. Entry number not visible.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "dapuruka da nggangga — daheika da kaka", "gloss_id": "para gagak telah turun dan para kakatua telah naik: dikatakan tentang orang-tua yang.", "gloss_en": "The crows have descended — the cockatoos have ascended: said of the elderly.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 9095, "page": null }, "note": "Old-age or generational-transition formula. Gloss cut off at line 9096 by OCR page-column break. 'Nggangga' = crow/raven. Entry number not visible. Uncertain due to incomplete gloss.", "uncertain": true }, { "kambera": "da matuku kaka — da madai buti", "gloss_id": "yang melempar kakatua dan yang menjaga monyet: dikatakan orang-orang yang ada di ladang atau padang.", "gloss_en": "Those who throw at the cockatoo — those who watch the monkey: people working in the fields or open land.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 10401, "page": null }, "note": "Agricultural/field-guard formula. Throwing at cockatoos to drive them from crops is a common Sumba practice. Entry number not visible.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "undi manginu ngandi undi — kaka ngandi rota", "gloss_id": "pipit pembawa jelatang dan kakatua pembawa \"rota\" (daun pohon gatal): dikatakan tentang [gloss continues at L10628-10629, truncated].", "gloss_en": "The sparrow that carries stinging nettles — the cockatoo that carries 'rota' (leaves of an irritant tree):.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 10625, "page": null }, "note": "Bird-behaviour formula; paired cockatoo and pipit/sparrow. Gloss cut off at L10628. Entry number not visible. Also cited at L9454 in different context (Ronja/Bima ethnonym comparison). Uncertain due to incomplete gloss.", "uncertain": true }, { "kambera": "wilaku buti wilaku — kaka mbelu", "gloss_id": "kera menoleh dan kakatua geleng: dikatakan tentang bentuk dua macam mamuli (harafiah: yang yang menghubungkan), dipakai dalam urusan perkawinan dan urusan kekeluargaan yang lain dengan memakai motif kera yang sedang menoleh dan kakatua yang kepalanya menggeleng-geleng.", "gloss_en": "The monkey turns its head — the cockatoo bobs its head: describing the form of two types of mamuli ear-ornament (literally: 'the connectors'), used in marriage and kinship transactions, bearing the motif of a monkey turning its head and a cockatoo nodding its head.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 11057, "page": null }, "note": "Mamuli-form formula. Critical for textile/ornament iconography. Cockatoo motif confirmed as mamuli design element. Entry number not visible.", "uncertain": false } ], "lawiti_freq": 29 }, { "id": "ahu", "kambera": "ahu", "name_en": "Dog", "name_id": "Anjing", "category": "animal", "main": true, "binomial": "Canis lupus familiaris", "adams": "pp.135, 149", "desc_en": "Escort and hunting companion: the dog's spirit, like the horse's, indexes its master's fortune, and the auspicious marks on its head encode hunting luck — and marriage rule.", "desc_id": "Pengiring dan kawan berburu: semangat anjing, seperti kuda, menjadi ukuran nasib tuannya, dan tanda tuah di kepalanya menyimpan untung berburu — juga aturan perkawinan.", "objects": [ "asian-museums/ACM_2018-01017_Man_s_cloth_hinggi_kombu_lions-horses_.jpg" ], "couplets": [ { "kambera": "na ahu miti lama — na njara ndindi kiku", "gloss_id": "Anjing yang hitam lidah dan kuda yang berdiri ekor — tanda-tanda yang luar biasa pada anjing dan kuda: kiasan para pahlawan yang mempunyai kelebihan-kelebihan daripada orang biasa.", "gloss_en": "A black-tongued dog and a horse that stands with tail upright — extraordinary marks on dog and horse: a figure for warriors possessing exceptional qualities beyond ordinary people.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 126, "page": "p.6" }, "note": "Entry number not legible in OCR." }, { "kambera": "ahu na .ahu miti lama — na njara ndindi-kiku:", "gloss_id": "anjing yang hitam: lidah dan kuda yang berdiri ekor, tanda-tanda yang luar biasa pada anjing dan kuda: maksud: kiasan para pahlawan yang mempunyai kelebihan-kelebihan daripada orang biasa.", "gloss_en": "dog with black tongue — horse standing tail-up: extraordinary signs on dog and horse; figurative expression for warriors who surpass ordinary people.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 126, "page": "[p.6]" }, "note": "OCR artifact: leading period before 'ahu' in line. Entry number not recoverable from immediate context (OCR disruption around lines 110–115). Repeated in inverted form at line 4530 as 'kiku na njara ndindi kiku — na ahu miti lama'. Black-tongue dog formula; pahlawan (warrior/hero) metaphor.", "uncertain": false, "shelved": true }, { "kambera": "katarinya ahu namatu — njara kehangu:", "gloss_id": "menyiapkan anjing penyusul dan kuda pengejar: maksud: untuk mencapai cita-cita harus disediakan memang alat dan daya, seperti anjing dan kuda yang pantas untuk mendapat apa yang diburu.", "gloss_en": "preparing the tracking dog — the chasing horse: to achieve a goal one must ready the means — dog and horse suited to the hunt.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 128, "page": "[p.6]" }, "note": "OCR disruption prevents entry number recovery for this line. Hunting-preparation formula. Repeated verbatim or near-verbatim at lines 3977 ('katarinya .ahu. kehangu — payemanya njara lai'), 4435 ('katarinya ahu kehangu'), 4904 ('pambokanya njara lai — katarinya ahu kehangu'), 6853 (same). Line 3977 gloss: 'menyiapkan anjing pemburu dan menyediakan kuda tari'; line 4904/6853 gloss: 'menggemukkan kuda lari dan menyiapkan anjing pemburu'. All instances: hunting/ambition preparation formula.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "kangeha ahu — katiku wei:", "gloss_id": "tuah anjing dan kepala babi; pada kepala anjing terdapat tanda-tanda yang menyatakan tuah atau untung nasib anjing: kepala babi merupakan bagian utama pada yang mengandung khasiat yang menguntungkan: maksud: bahwa putri dari saudara laki-laki ibu, merupakan sesuatu yang utama bagi putra dari saudara perempuan bapa, anak perempuan itu merupakan hak yang harus dimiliki oleh anak laki-laki yang tak boleh diambil oleh orang lain.", "gloss_en": "the auspicious mark of the dog — the head of the pig; the dog's head-marking signals hunting luck; the pig's head is the prime portion with special potency; meaning: the daughter of the mother's brother is the prime right of the sister's son — she belongs to him and cannot be taken by another.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 134, "page": "[p.6]" }, "note": "Repeated at line 3407 (entry 890 context, [p.60]): gloss there reads 'mujur anjing dan kepala babi: dikatakan tentang anak perempuan, anak paman saudara... sasaran pertama dan utama menjadi istri anak laki-laki saudara perempuan bapa'. Key marriage-alliance formula. 'kangeha' = auspicious hunting mark on dog's head. Also referenced within entry 1071 at line 4042 as 'na kangeha ahu' with same gloss.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "ahu kanduka rundu' — wei malara ditu:", "gloss_id": "anjing kehabisan salak dan babi pedis pikulan: anjing yang terus-menerus menyalak sampai kehabisan suara dan demikian babi yang terlalu lama dalam pikulan akan merasa kepedisan: maksud: usaha mengejar lawan/musuh sampai habis-habisan, kejar terus-menerus.", "gloss_en": "dog barked out of voice — pig sore from carrying-pole: the dog barks continuously until it has no voice left, and the pig suffers from being too long on the pole; meaning: pursuing an enemy to absolute exhaustion, relentless chase.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 146, "page": "[p.7]" }, "note": "Entry numbers 10–12 visible nearby (lines 141–143) but not assignable to this couplet with certainty due to OCR disruption. Pursuit/war formula.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "tamai la ora ahu pakariangu — kahuru la hangga njara pakaliti:", "gloss_id": "menghampiri muka anjing yang mengiring dan mendekati hadapan kuda yang ditunggang: maksud: menghadap dengan segala hormat, tidak langsung tetapi kepada anjing iringan dan kuda tunggangannya.", "gloss_en": "approaching the face of the accompanying dog — drawing near the front of the ridden horse: paying respect by approaching the attendant dog and mount rather than directly addressing the person.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 148, "page": "[p.7]" }, "note": "Dog as escort/spirit-companion of noble. Repeated at lines 1629 ('375.ora ahu-pakariangu' — fragment of same formula), 2608 ('kahuru kahuru fa hangga njara — tamai la ora ahu'), 2708 ('kakau la kakau njara pakaliti — la ora ahu pakariangu' entry 689, gloss 'di dada kuda yang ditunggang dan di muka anjing yang dibawa'), 8352 (same text, gloss 'beringsut di muka anjing yang dibawa dan tampil di depan kuda yang ditunggang'). All are the same deference-to-noble formula. Entry 393 is referenced in the gloss at line 2709.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "na.ahu lodu — na ahu wula-", "gloss_id": "harafiah: anjing matahari dan anjing bulan: maksud: para arwah jahat, termasuk suanggi yang membawa bencana kepada manusia, sebab itu kepada mereka harus diberi semahan untuk menenangkan mereka.", "gloss_en": "literally: dog of the sun and dog of the moon; meaning: evil spirits including witches (suanggi) who bring disaster upon people; they must be given offerings to appease them.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 150, "page": "[p.7]" }, "note": "OCR: couplet split across lines 150–151. Gloss appears at lines 179–181 (displaced by OCR). 'na.ahu lodu' and 'na ahu wula-' are A and B lines; B-line truncated by OCR (likely 'na ahu wulangu' = 'dog of the moon'). Evil-spirit escort formula; dog as liminal/death-world creature. [OCR uncertain — verify against print]", "uncertain": true }, { "kambera": "woru ana wei — woru ana ahu:", "gloss_id": "berbiak anak babi dan berbiak anak anjing: maksud: anak-anak yang lahir dari perhubungan suami istri, anak-anak perempuan dan anak-anak laki-laki.", "gloss_en": "multiplying piglets — multiplying puppies: meaning: children born of the marriage union — daughters and sons.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 360, "page": null }, "note": "Entry numbers 70–71 nearby. Offspring metaphor: babi = daughters, ahu = sons (or vice versa; the pairing is conventional for human progeny). Repeated at line 11195 ('woru woru ana ahu ma woru ana wei'): 'berbiak anakan anjing dan berbiak anakan babi: dikatakan tentang mereka yang telah berumah tangga yang telah mendapat anak'. Page marker [p.7] visible at line 139; [p.8] not clearly marked before line 360.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "bangga si la manjada bangga ahu — Ia kahana pulu tau:", "gloss_id": "harafiah: pada (waktu) senyapnya salak anjing dan pada (waktu) sepinya bicara orang: maksud: untuk mengungkapkan keadaan sekitar pada waktu tengah malam, di saat mana orang sudah tidur lelap, sehingga tak ada lagi baik suara anjing maupun suara manusia.", "gloss_en": "when the dog's bark has fallen silent — when human speech is stilled: expressing the deep-night hour when people sleep soundly and neither dog-bark nor human voice is heard.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 723, "page": null }, "note": "Midnight formula. OCR: 'bangga si la manjada bangga ahu — Ia' split across lines 723–724. Repeated at line 6030 ('manjadangu la manjada bangga ahu — lakahana pulu tau') and line 9509 ('rundu la manjada rundu-ahu — la kahana pulu tau'). Entry number ~157–158 visible nearby.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "bara manu rara nggoru — ahu bara lima:", "gloss_id": "ayam merah leher dan anjing: maksud: ungkapan ditujukan kepada pengantin yang mengalungkan mutisalak pada leher dan yang memakai gelang gading pada tangan seolah-olah ayam yang merah leher dan anjing yang putih tangan (kaki muka).", "gloss_en": "red-necked rooster — white-footed dog: expression directed at a bride/groom wearing mutisalak beads at the neck and ivory bracelets on the wrists — like the red-necked cock and the white-footed dog.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 743, "page": "[p.17]" }, "note": "OCR: gloss partially at line 743–744. 'ahu bara lima' = dog with white forelegs; 'bara' = white/pale. Bridal adornment formula.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "nanjanga na njara pakaliti — nabeli na ahu pakariangu:", "gloss_id": "berbelok kuda yang ditunggang dan kembali anjing yang dibawa: maksud: dulu kala utusan selalu dengan menunggang kuda dan membawa anjing, jadi ungkapan ini menyatakan hal kembalinya utusan itu dari tempat ia diutus.", "gloss_en": "the ridden horse turns — the accompanying dog returns: in former times envoys always rode a horse and brought a dog; this expression states the envoy's return from the place of his mission.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": 172, "line": 799, "page": "[p.18]" }, "note": "Entry 172 clearly marked at line 799. Return-from-journey formula. Repeated at line 7620 ('nanjanga na njara pakalitinggu — nabeli na ahu pakarianggu') and line 7647 ('nanjanga na njara pakalitinga — nabeli na ahu pakariang-') with same gloss.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "kalira kalira wunggu wei — wiju kambu ahu:", "gloss_id": "pipih punggung babi dan kempis perut anjing: dikatakan tentang musim kelaparan, di mana nyata dari keadaan babi yang pipih punggungnya dan anjing yang kempis perutnya karena kurus, berhubung dengan kelaparan.", "gloss_en": "the pig's spine is flat — the dog's belly is hollow: said of famine season, evident from the pig's flattened back and the dog's sunken belly from thinness.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 2837, "page": null }, "note": "Entry numbers 723–727 visible nearby (lines 2823–2836). Famine formula. Repeated at line 5855 ('malira malira wunggu wei — wiju kambu ahu': 'tipis punggung babi dan kempis perut anjing: dikatakan tentang keadaan pada musim paceklik, sampai babi dan anjing menjadi kurus kering') and line 8789 ('pariti wunggu wei — wiju kambu ahu': same meaning). OCR variant: 'kalira'/'malira'/'pariti' may be OCR variants of the same opening word or distinct entries with same B-line; treated as same couplet. [OCR uncertain — verify against print]", "uncertain": true }, { "kambera": "ahu panda kapuki — manu panda kalaa:", "gloss_id": "anjing yang tak dikasim dan ayam yang tak dikebiri: dikatakan tentang anjing dan ayam untuk persembahan yang tak boleh bercacat bercela.", "gloss_en": "dog not castrated — rooster not caponized: said of the dog and rooster destined for ritual offering, which must be unblemished.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": 959, "line": 3666, "page": null }, "note": "Entry 959 visible at line 3665. Ritual-animal formula: unblemished sacrificial dog. OCR: entry 959 appears at lines 3663–3666 within 'kapuki' section.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "katarinya .ahu. kehangu — payemanya njara lai:", "gloss_id": "menyiapkan anjing pemburu dan menyediakan kuda tari: dikatakan tentang mengejar sesuatu maksud dengan cara alat yang cepat.", "gloss_en": "preparing the hunting dog — providing the dancing horse: said of pursuing a goal by means of swift instruments.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 3977, "page": null }, "note": "Variant of the katarinya-ahu formula (core attestation at line 128). OCR: periods around 'ahu' in original. Entry numbers 1049–1051 nearby.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "kati ngandu ahu — kataku lima njara.", "gloss_id": "menggigit seperti gigi anjing dan menyambut seperti kaki kuda: dikatakan tentang menanggapi dan menerima baik suatu pernyataan/pengakuan dalam sesuatu urusan.", "gloss_en": "bite like a dog's teeth — receive like a horse's foreleg: said of responding to and accepting a statement or acknowledgment in a matter.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": 1064, "line": 4022, "page": null }, "note": "Entry 1064 visible at line 4022. Repeated at line 7865 with same gloss. Dog-teeth as grip/acceptance formula.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "kiku ' na njara ndindi kiku — na ahu — miti lama:", "gloss_id": "kuda berdiri ekor dan anjing hitam lidah: dikatakan sebagai perlambang para pahlawan, yang gagah perkasa, gagah tak membiarkan seorangpun dari anggota persekutuannya menyeleweng, seperti cara seekor kuda jantan terhadap para betinanya dalam kawanannya.", "gloss_en": "horse standing tail erect — dog with black tongue: symbol of warriors who are mighty and do not allow any member of their alliance to stray, like a stallion with his mares.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 4530, "page": null }, "note": "Inverted form of the ahu-miti-lama couplet at line 126. Entry number not recoverable from OCR at this point. Pahlawan/warrior metaphor.", "uncertain": false, "shelved": true }, { "kambera": "winu. wua kanduru patuku wangu manu, kuta wua kapala papalu wangu ahu:", "gloss_id": "pinang buah terung (bulat) untuk pelempar ayam dan sirih buah palang (panjang) untuk pemukul anjing: dikatakan tentang pinang dan sirih pilihan, pemberian seorang pemuda kepada seorang pemudi untuk menawan hatinya, lambang cinta kasih yang sungguh.", "gloss_en": "round-fruited areca-nut for throwing at the cock — long-leaved betel for striking the dog: said of the finest areca and betel given by a young man to a young woman to win her heart — a symbol of genuine love.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 4862, "page": null }, "note": "OCR garbled line; text reconstructed from lines 4862–4863. 'papalu wangu ahu' = stick for striking dog. The full couplet appears at line 11086 in cleaner form: 'na winu wua kanduru na patuku wangu manu — na kuta wua kapala na pa wangu ahu'. Courtship gift formula; dog as incidental referent (the stick used to drive off the dog).", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "pambokanya njara lai — katarinya ahu kehangu:", "gloss_id": "menggemukkan kuda lari dan menyiapkan anjing pemburu: dikatakan tentang suatu cita-cita yang harus dicapai dengan usaha dan persiapan yang sungguh-sungguh.", "gloss_en": "fattening the racing horse — readying the hunting dog: said of an ambition that must be achieved through sincere effort and preparation.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": 1313, "line": 4904, "page": null }, "note": "Entry 1313 visible at line 4904. Variant of the katarinya-ahu formula. Repeated at line 6853 with same gloss.", "uncertain": false, "shelved": true }, { "kambera": "malira | malira wunggu wei — wiju kambu ahu:", "gloss_id": "tipis punggung babi dan kempis perut anjing: dikatakan tentang keadaan pada musim paceklik, sampai babi dan anjing menjadi kurus kering.", "gloss_en": "thin-backed pig — hollow-bellied dog: said of famine season, when pigs and dogs grow thin and gaunt.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 5855, "page": null }, "note": "Variant/repeat of line 2837. See note there. Entry numbers 1601–1604 nearby.", "uncertain": false, "shelved": true }, { "kambera": "manjadangu la manjada bangga ahu — lakahana pulu tau:", "gloss_id": "pada waktu lengang salak anjing dan pada saat tenang bicara orang: dikatakan tentang waktu jauh malam, pada waktu makhluk berteduh tidur.", "gloss_en": "when the dog's bark is stilled — human speech is quiet: said of deep in the night when all creatures shelter and sleep.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 6030, "page": "[p.100]" }, "note": "Variant/repeat of midnight formula at line 723. Entry numbers 1643–1644 nearby.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "marata tilu manu — ahu hari papangu:", "gloss_id": "pemutus telur ayam dan anjing belah dua: dikatakan tentang suatu upacara sederhana di muka pintu kampung, apabila ada tamu atau kalau ada keluarga yang kembali dari negeri lain; demikian juga pada waktu menyucikan kampung/negeri dari dosa dan penyakit, dengan memecahkan telur dan membelah seekor anjing kecil, belahan kanan dan kepalanya dibuang ke udik sedang bagian kiri dan ekornya dibuang ke hilir.", "gloss_en": "splitting the hen's egg — halving the dog: said of a simple ritual at the village gate when guests arrive or kin return from abroad, also for purifying the village of sin and disease — breaking an egg and splitting a small dog, with the right half and head thrown upstream and the left half and tail thrown downstream.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": 1696, "line": 6182, "page": null }, "note": "Entry 1696 at line 6182. Purification ritual — dog split as directional offering (upstream/downstream). Significant ritual-dog formula.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "njara miri ndewa —. ahu. miri ura:", "gloss_id": "kuda kusam roh dan anjing kusam semangat: dikatakan tentang kuda tunggang dan anjing pengiring seseorang yang kurang roh dan semangat sehingga sial dan malang, dan menjadi malu.", "gloss_en": "horse dull of spirit — dog dull of vitality: said of a person's riding horse and companion dog that lack spirit and vitality, making their owner unlucky and ashamed.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 6480, "page": "[p.106]" }, "note": "Entry numbers 1771–1772 nearby. Spirit/vitality of dog as reflection of owner's fortune. 'miri' = dull/tarnished (spiritual quality). OCR: period around 'ahu' at line 6480.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "mbomangu da wei la mbomangu — da ahu", "gloss_id": "babi di bawah kolong dan anjing di atas balai-balai: dikatakan tentang hamba sahaya dinilai sebagai babi dan anjing.", "gloss_en": "pigs under the house-floor — dogs on the platform: said of slaves who were regarded as equivalent to pigs and dogs.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 6856, "page": "[p.111]" }, "note": "OCR: couplet split across lines 6856–6857 ('da ahu / ja kaheli'). Full B-line: 'da ahu ja kaheli'. Low-status / insult formula; dog as social inferior. Entry numbers 1879–1880 nearby.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "na ahu namatu — na njara kehangu:", "gloss_id": "anjing pelacak dan kuda pengejar: juga dikatakan tentang anjing dan kuda perburuan: dikatakan tentang seseorang yang cakap dalam pengusutan sesuatu kasus yang sulit dipecahkan.", "gloss_en": "the tracking dog — the chasing horse: also said of hunting dog and horse; said of a person skilled at investigating a difficult case.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": 1923, "line": 7028, "page": "[p.114]" }, "note": "Entry 1923 clearly marked. Hunting/investigation formula. Compare line 128.", "uncertain": false, "shelved": true }, { "kambera": ". nyola pamanyolanya. wihi njara — pamalirunya bangga ahu:", "gloss_id": "melewatkan kaki kuda dan melampaukan salak anjing: dikatakan tentang mengejar cita-cita harus dengan mempergunakan daya upaya yang ampuh dan unggul.", "gloss_en": "surpassing the horse's stride — outdoing the dog's bark: said of pursuing a goal with powerful and superior means.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 7181, "page": null }, "note": "Entry numbers nearby (~1966). Dog-bark as measure of reach/power in goal-pursuit formula.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "ndamangu njara pandama hondungu : — ahu pandama riringu:", "gloss_id": "kuda yang saling biasa pada ikatan dan anjing yang saling biasa pada pergaulan: dikatakan tentang orang-orang yang kenal mengenal dalam pergaulan; juga tentang orang yang berpacaran.", "gloss_en": "horses habituated to one another in tethering — dogs accustomed to one another in company: said of people who know each other through association; also of courting couples.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": 2012, "line": 7325, "page": null }, "note": "Entry 2012 at line 7325. Dog as social-familiar; companionship formula.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "ndewa njara pakaliti — ura ahu pakariangu:", "gloss_id": "roh kuda yang ditunggang dan semangat anjing yang dibawa: dikatakan tentang untung nasib yang ada pada kuda tunggang dan anjing pengiring, yang merupakan untung nasib tuannya.", "gloss_en": "the spirit of the ridden horse — the vitality of the accompanying dog: said of the luck and fate residing in a person's mount and dog-escort, which is their owner's fortune.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": 2041, "line": 7416, "page": null }, "note": "Entry 2041 at line 7416. Spirit-escort formula: dog as carrier of owner's fortune/ura (vitality/luck).", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "nanjara mbana ngaru — na ahu tara ngandu:", "gloss_id": "ia seperti kuda panas mulut dan seperti anjing tajam gigi: dikatakan tentang seseorang yang suka membangkang dan dapat membahayakan orang lain.", "gloss_en": "like a hot-mouthed horse — a sharp-toothed dog: said of a person who is defiant and can endanger others.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 7650, "page": null }, "note": "Entry numbers ~2097–2099 nearby. Dog's sharp teeth as metaphor for a dangerous, defiant person.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "kati ngandu ahu — kataku lima njara:", "gloss_id": "gigit seperti gigi anjing dan sambut seperti tangan (kaki muka) kuda: dikatakan tentang suatu sambutan baik atas suatu pernyataan atau permintaan.", "gloss_en": "bite like a dog's teeth — receive like a horse's foreleg: said of a positive reception of a statement or request.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": 2153, "line": 7865, "page": null }, "note": "Entry 2153 at line 7865. Repeat of line 4022. Dog-teeth as grip/acceptance formula.", "uncertain": false, "shelved": true }, { "kambera": "ngiu hangiu njara ahu — hataulu katopu:", "gloss_id": "seekor kuda anjing dan sebilah parang: dikatakan tentang keadaan dulu kala, ketika manusia masih sangat sederhana, bila mengambil wanita untuk istri cukup dengan memberi seekor anjing dan sebilah parang.", "gloss_en": "one horse-dog — a single machete: said of ancient times when humans were very simple — to take a wife it was sufficient to give a dog and a machete.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": 2191, "line": 7965, "page": null }, "note": "Entry 2191 at line 7965. 'njara ahu' OCR conflation: gloss makes clear this is 'seekor kuda anjing' (one horse [and] dog), i.e. the pair. Minimal bride-price formula — dog as archaic marriage-gift. Repeated at line 9954 ('taiilu hatatilu katopu — hangiu njara ahu': 'sebatang parang dan seekor kuda anjing: dikatakan tentang bahan pembayaran belis, orang sederhana dari dulu kala').", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "ambu paohanya na malunggu manu — &mbu pamanginya na malru ahu:", "gloss_id": "jangan mengatakan mereka bahagia kepada yang menggendung ayam dan jangan mengatakan mereka mujur kepada yang menarik anjing: dikatakan dalam doa kepada jiwa-jiwa orang mati yang dipulangkan sesudah upacara 'langu paraingu' (tahun baru), jangan iri hati kepada mereka yang menerima apa-apa dari anak cucu yang mereka tinggalkan.", "gloss_en": "do not say 'they are blessed' to those who carry chickens — do not say 'they are fortunate' to those who lead dogs: said in prayer to the souls of the dead returned after the 'langu paraingu' (new year) ceremony — do not envy those who receive offerings from the descendants they left behind.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 8290, "page": null }, "note": "OCR artifacts: '&mbu' = 'ambu'; 'malru' likely 'maluru' or 'mujur'. Dog-leading as escort of the dead; ancestral-soul formula. Entry numbers ~2273 nearby.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "la kawunga njili njara — Ia kawunga onja ahu:", "gloss_id": "pada permulaan lelah kuda dan pada permulaan payah anjing: dikatakan tentang sesuatu permulaan pada suatu tempat kediaman, jadi tidak berpindah-pindah lagi.", "gloss_en": "at the first tiring of the horse — the first exhaustion of the dog: said of settling at a place of dwelling — no longer moving about.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 8338, "page": null }, "note": "Settling/founding formula: the moment dog and horse tire signals the journey is over and the place is chosen for settlement. Repeated at line 8341 ('njili njara pakaliti — onja ahu pakariangu': 'lelah kuda yang ditunggang dan payah anjing yang dibawa: dikatakan tentang hal berhenti/mengasuh pada suatu tempat dalam perjalanan'). Entry numbers ~2339 nearby. OCR: 'Ia' = 'la'.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "na njara palai hora — na ahu bangga njarangu:", "gloss_id": "kuda yang lari sembarang dan anjing gonggong kesasar: dikatakan tentang orang yang bertindak lain dari pada tata cara yang lazim.", "gloss_en": "a horse running wild — a dog barking astray: said of a person who acts contrary to customary norms.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 8585, "page": null }, "note": "Entry 2369 visible at line 8597 (next couplet). Deviant-behaviour formula; compare palai nda kuahu hau bangga at line 8581.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "na njara li palindi — na ahu li kanjonga:", "gloss_id": "kuda yang melalui pegunungan dan anjing yang melalui lembah: dikatakan tentang seseorang atau segolongan yang menjadi pengantara antara dua pihak, untuk mempertemukan pendirian mereka.", "gloss_en": "the horse that goes through the mountains — the dog that goes through the valley: said of a person or group who mediates between two parties to reconcile their positions.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": 2369, "line": 8597, "page": null }, "note": "Entry 2369 at line 8597. Dog as path-finder through lowland/valley in mediation formula.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "paraingu mapauli — paraingu bu ahu", "gloss_id": "negeri yang bertaring dan negeri yang bersusuh: dikatakan tentang negeri besar, induk dari segala negeri/kampung dalam wilayah, tempat melakukan kebaktian, mempersembahkan babi yang bertaring dan ayam yang bersusuh.", "gloss_en": "the fanged village — the crested village: said of the great principal village of a territory, where acts of worship are performed with fanged pigs and crested roosters as offerings.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": 2422, "line": 8789, "page": null }, "note": "Entry 2422 at line 8789. OCR: 'paraingu bu ahu' — 'bu' may be 'bursuh' (crested) truncated; gloss at line 8789–8794 makes clear: 'negeri yang bertaring dan negeri yang bersusuh'. This line occurs in the 'pariti wunggu wei — wiju kambu ahu' block at line 8789 — two distinct couplets are on this page; 2422 refers to 'paraingu mapauli — paraingu mapatara' (from gloss). 'bu ahu' in context of line 8789 appears to be part of the 'pariti' famine couplet; see note. Flagged uncertain.", "uncertain": true }, { "kambera": "roka nda tapaita roka epi — nda taparongu rundu ahu:", "gloss_id": "kita tak saling melihat nyala api dan tak saling mendengar salak anjing: dikatakan oleh seorang yang merasa diri tak ada hubungan keluarga dengan orang lawan bicaranya.", "gloss_en": "we do not see each other's fire-glow — do not hear each other's dog-bark: said by a person who feels no family bond with the person they are speaking to.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 9424, "page": null }, "note": "Entry 2604/2605 nearby (lines 9426–9431). Dog-bark as marker of community boundaries and kinship proximity.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "rundu la manjada rundu-ahu.— la kahana pulu tau:", "gloss_id": "pada waktu lengang salak anjing dan pada waktu tenang bicara orang: dikatakan tentang waktu tengah malam, pada waktu suasana semua teduh.", "gloss_en": "when the dog's bark is quiet — human speech is stilled: said of midnight when all is calm.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 9509, "page": null }, "note": "Variant of midnight formula (lines 723, 6030). Entry numbers ~2638 nearby. OCR: 'rundu-ahu' may conflate 'rundu ahu'.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "taiilu hatatilu katopu — hangiu njara ahu:", "gloss_id": "sebatang parang dan seekor kuda anjing: dikatakan tentang bahan pembayaran belis, orang sederhana dari dulu kala, sebatang besi pengganti parang dan seekor anjing pengganti kuda.", "gloss_en": "a single machete — one horse-dog: said of minimal bride-price goods in ancient times — an iron implement in place of a machete and a dog in place of a horse.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 9954, "page": "[p.156]" }, "note": "Entry numbers 2753–2757 nearby. Minimal bride-price formula; dog as archaic bride-payment item. Pair 'njara ahu' = horse-and-dog unit. Compare line 7965.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "tiu takanja da tawuangu walu tiu, nduhanja wara walu upu, takanja da ahu walu ngiu, nduhanja kalita walu lola:", "gloss_id": "mendapat tabuhan delapan sarang, lemparkan pasir delapan raup dan mendapati anjing delapan ekor, lemparkan kulit delapan sayat: dikatakan sebagai pesanan kepada jiwa orang mati dalam perjalanannya ke alam baka, harus siapkan bahan agar dapat menghindarkan ancaman bahaya itu.", "gloss_en": "encountering eight nests of hornets — throw eight handfuls of sand; encountering eight dogs — throw eight strips of skin: instruction to the soul of the dead on its journey to the afterlife, to prepare materials to ward off these dangers.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 10228, "page": null }, "note": "OCR: lines 10228–10231 form a multi-line extended couplet. Entry numbers 2831 nearby. Eight dogs as hazard in the death-journey formula — spirit-escort/death ritual. 'ahu walu' (eight dogs) also referenced at line 9985.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "ahu tundungu — njara kikungu:", "gloss_id": "sebagai anjing menurut dan sebagai kuda mengikut: dikatakan tentang sifat orang yang taat dan penurut.", "gloss_en": "following like a dog — keeping pace like a horse: said of a person who is obedient and docile.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 10464, "page": null }, "note": "Entry numbers ~2906 nearby. Dog-obedience formula; dog as emblem of loyalty and compliance.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "ulu nda taparongu ulu ahu — nda taparongu hakuku manu:", "gloss_id": "kita tidak saling mendengar salak anjing dan kokok ayam: dikatakan untuk menyatakan bahwa kita berjauhan, tidak ada hubungan kekeluargaan.", "gloss_en": "we do not hear each other's dog-bark or rooster-crow: said to express that we are distant from one another with no family bond.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 10588, "page": null }, "note": "Entry numbers ~2929–2930 nearby. Dog-bark as kinship-distance marker; compare line 9424.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "njara mapandewa — ahu mapaura:", "gloss_id": "dikatakan tentang suatu perbuatan yang merusak, yang menyalahi tata cara adat-istiadat.", "gloss_en": "said of a destructive act that violates customary norms.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 10666, "page": null }, "note": "OCR disruption: gloss appears without the full Kambera couplet visible; 'njara mapandewa — ahu mapaura' is the couplet text sighted at line 10666. 'mapandewa' = spiritually depleted/spiritless (horse); 'mapaura' = similarly depleted (dog). Norm-violation formula. Entry numbers ~2954 nearby. [OCR uncertain — verify against print]", "uncertain": true, "shelved": true }, { "kambera": "na winu wua kanduru.na patuku wangu manu — na kuta wua kapala na pa wangu ahu:", "gloss_id": "pinang buah terung dipakai melempar ayam dan buah sirih sebesar buah palang dipakai memukul anjing: dikatakan tentang pinang dan sirih pilihan, pemberian seorang pemuda kepada seorang pemudi untuk menawan hatinya, lambang cinta kasih yang sungguh.", "gloss_en": "round-fruited areca for throwing at the rooster — long-leaved betel for striking the dog: said of the finest areca and betel given by a young man to a young woman to win her heart — a symbol of genuine love.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 11086, "page": null }, "note": "Cleaner OCR variant of line 4862. Entry numbers 3070–3071 nearby. Courtship formula; dog incidental (stick used to drive the dog away while approaching the girl).", "uncertain": false, "shelved": true }, { "kambera": "wujuru | wel Wujuru —« ahu radapu:", "gloss_id": "babi yang merungkuk dan anjing yang ketakutan: dikatakan tentang orang yang ada dalam keadaan takut dan gentar, maksud orang yang sedang takut dan gentar.", "gloss_en": "a huddled pig — a cowering dog: said of a person in a state of fear and trembling.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 11234, "page": null }, "note": "OCR: 'wel Wujuru' = 'wei Wujuru'; '—«' OCR artifact. 'radapu' = crouching in fear. Fear/cowardice formula. Entry numbers ~3113 nearby.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "manu mapawulu — ahu maparama:", "gloss_id": "ayam yang berlaga dan anjing yang berkelahi: dikatakan tentang mereka yang ada dalam keadaan bermusuhan dan bertentangan.", "gloss_en": "fighting cock — brawling dog: said of those who are in a state of enmity and conflict.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 11322, "page": null }, "note": "Entry number 3135 nearby. Conflict/hostility formula; dog as emblem of aggression/fighting.", "uncertain": false } ], "lawiti_freq": 62 }, { "id": "andung", "kambera": "andung / andungu", "name_en": "Skull tree", "name_id": "Pohon andung", "category": "ritual", "main": true, "binomial": null, "adams": "pp.130–131 (47 occurrences — the most frequent complex motif)", "desc_en": "The war-post and skull tree: the most identifiable complex motif of the Sumba cloth. The couplets distinguish the harvest post of rice and maize from the war post before the uma andungu, where the heads of enemies hung as signs of victory and ancestral power.", "desc_id": "Tugu perang dan pohon tengkorak: motif kompleks yang paling dikenali pada kain Sumba. Baitan membedakan tugu panen padi-jagung dari tugu perang di muka uma andungu, tempat kepala musuh digantung sebagai lambang kemenangan dan kekuatan leluhur.", "objects": [ "agsa-sumba/20113A18.jpg", "bm-sumba/BM_As1949-10-1.jpg", "europeana-sumba/91608_SMVK_VKM_objekt_105020.jpg", "mfa-sumba/mfa-sumba_MFA_30_787.jpg", "mfa-sumba/mfa-sumba_MFA_30_791.jpg", "mfa-sumba/mfa-sumba_MFA_50_1506.jpg", "mkb-basel/IIc_14386.jpg", "quaibranly-sumba/70-2001-27-105.jpg", "quaibranly-sumba/70-2001-27-582.jpg", "quaibranly-sumba/70-2001-27-613.jpg", "quaibranly-sumba/70-2001-27-730.jpg", "quaibranly-sumba/70-2001-27-748.jpg", "quaibranly-sumba/70-2001-27-749.jpg", "quaibranly-sumba/70-2001-27-76-1-2.jpg", "quaibranly-sumba/70-2001-27-94.jpg", "quaibranly-sumba/71-1955-68-3.jpg", "quaibranly-sumba/71-1955-68-55.jpg", "rom-sumba/ROM_956.63.17.jpg", "us-museums/dma_1995.94_hinggi_sumba.jpg", "wereldmuseum-hinggi/TM-2082-14.jpg" ], "couplets": [ { "kambera": "andu uhu — andu wataru", "gloss_id": "Tugu padi dan tugu jagung: tugu tempat melakukan upacara pemujaan untuk memohon kelimpahan hasil padi, jagung dan hasil-hasil lain — tugu sembahyang di muka rumah pusat 'Mangu Tanangu' (Tuan Tanah).", "gloss_en": "The post of rice — the post of maize: the ritual post where ceremonies pray for abundant harvests — the prayer-post before the central house of the 'Mangu Tanangu' (Lord of the Land).", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": 82, "line": 411, "page": "p.11" }, "note": "The andung as harvest-prayer post." }, { "kambera": "andungu andu uhu — andu wataru", "gloss_id": "Tugu padi dan tugu jagung: maksud: tugu tempat melakukan upacara pemujaan untuk memohon kelimpahan hasil padi, jagung dan hasil-hasil lain, yang telah dirangkum oleh kedua macam makanan utama itu. Yang dimaksud adalah tugu sembahyang di muka rumah pusat \"Mangu Tanangu\" (Tuan Tanah). Melalui para leluhur Tuan Tanah itu memohon karunia dan berkat \"Miri\" (Tuhan), atas segala tanaman di sawah ladang.", "gloss_en": "The rice-post — the maize-post: meaning: the ritual post where prayers are offered for an abundant harvest of rice, maize and other crops, the two staple foods together representing all produce. This is the prayer-post in front of the central house of the 'Mangu Tanangu' (Lord of the Land). Through the ancestors the Lord of the Land petitions 'Miri' (God) for grace and blessing on all field and garden crops.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": 82, "line": 411, "page": null }, "note": "Harvest-post sense. Entry number 82 sighted on same line.", "uncertain": false, "shelved": true }, { "kambera": "andu lii lalei — andu lii mangoma", "gloss_id": "tugu upacara beristri dan tugu upacara bersuami: maksud: tugu tempat melakukan upacara pemujaan untuk memohon karunia dan berkat atas perkawinan anak-anak laki-laki dan perempuan. Tugu itu letaknya di muka rumah pusat dari \"kabihu\" (suku/marga) pengantin yang bersangkutan.", "gloss_en": "The post for the ceremony of taking a wife — the post for the ceremony of taking a husband: meaning: the ritual post where prayers are offered for blessings on the marriages of sons and daughters. The post stands in front of the central house of the 'kabihu' (clan) of the bride and groom.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": 83, "line": 415, "page": null }, "note": "Marriage-ritual post sense. OCR: 'lift' likely 'lii' (systematic OCR error l/I). Entry 83 inferred from sequence (82 at L411, 83 follows immediately at L415, entry number 83 visible at L419). [OCR uncertain — verify against print]", "uncertain": true }, { "kambera": "andu iku lunggi — andu wanga ngingi", "gloss_id": "tugu mencungkil rambut dan tugu membuka rahang: maksud: ungkapan ini menyatakan tentang tugu yang khusus lain daripada tugu yang telah disebut di atas. Tugu ini terpancang di muka sebuah rumah yang disebut \"uma andungu\" (rumah tugu), yaitu sebuah dari rumah-rumah yang ada dalam kabihu itu. Tugu ini adalah \"tugu perang\", karena pada tugu inilah tempat melakukan upacara pemujaan untuk mohon kekuatan dan kemenangan pada Alkhalik dengan perantaraan Marapu (Dewata). Bila sukses dalam peperangan itu dan telah memancung kepala salah seorang pahlawan, dengan upacara pemujaan mengupas kulit kepalanya dan melepaskan rahangnya, latu kepala itu digantung di atas tugu itu.", "gloss_en": "The post that pries up hair — the post that opens the jaw: this post is distinct from the earlier ones. It stands in front of a house called 'uma andungu' (post-house), the war-post, where rituals are performed to seek power and victory from the Creator through the Marapu (ancestral spirits). When an enemy warrior was slain and beheaded, his head — with the scalp stripped and the jaw detached in a ritual of consecration — was hung on this post.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": 85, "line": 421, "page": null }, "note": "War-post sense. Entry 85 sighted at L423. Verbatim duplicate at line 10899 (entry context: 3012, p. not visible). Both attestations recorded here.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "andu watu — ketu bahi", "gloss_id": "tugu batu dan kait besi: maksud: purbakala ada juga \"kabihu\" (suku/clan) yang mempunyai tugu daripada batu dan kaitnya daripada besi. Guna kait itu ialah untuk mengait kepala dari dalam periuk, tempat memasak kepala itu. Kepala itu dimasak supaya mudah mengeluarkan kulitnya, isinya dan otaknya.", "gloss_en": "The stone post — the iron hook: in antiquity some clans had a post made of stone, with an iron hook used to lift the severed head from the cauldron in which it was cooked, to facilitate removal of the scalp, flesh and brain.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": 86, "line": 428, "page": null }, "note": "War-post sense. Entry 86 sighted in prose at L430 sequence. Variant 'na ketu bdhi' at line 588 (OCR garbling of 'bahi'); entry 129 sighted at L588 context — appears to be a re-citation.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "nahu ngiangu-munyaka la harika nggapi kadu — la kapuka andu jangga", "gloss_id": "sekarang engkau telah bertempat pada palang jepit tanduk dan di atas tugu tinggi: maksud: ungkapan ini merupakan ucapan penyesalan dari keluarga orang yang terbunuh, yang kepalanya digantung di atas tugu itu. Penggantungan kepala manusia di atas tugu dan kepala-kepala kerbau di atas jepitan palang, merupakan pameran gengsi kekuatan gaib dari \"kabihu\" yang bersangkutan, sedang orang yang terbunuh dan keluarganya merupakan suatu penghinaan.", "gloss_en": "Now you have come to rest on the crossbar that clamps the horns — on the top of the tall post: this is a lament spoken by the family of a slain warrior whose head has been hung on the post. The display of a human head on the war-post and buffalo heads on the horn-clamp was a demonstration of the supernatural power of the victorious clan, while for the slain man's family it was a profound humiliation.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": 87, "line": 433, "page": null }, "note": "War-post sense; lament formula. Entry 87 sighted at sequence context. Variant form (line order reversed) at L1748 (entry 403 context): 'harika a harika nggapi kadu — kapuka andu jangga'; and again at L3645 (entry 953): 'kapuka kapuka andu' jangga — harika nggapi kadu'. All three are cross-citations of the same couplet.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "andu weli winggirungu — lamba langga lihingu", "gloss_id": "tugu yang dikitari keliling dan tambur yang dilangkah dekati: maksud: ungkapan ini untuk menyatakan bahwa untuk menghadapi seseorang yang dihormati dan disegani, sama seperti mengitari tugu berkeliling dengan tari-tarian dan sama seperti berlangkah mendekati tambur pada waktu menari, ialah dengan berhati-hati dan dengan hormat.", "gloss_en": "The post that is circled all around — the drum that is approached with careful steps: to face a person of high rank one must proceed as one would circumambulate the war-post with dance and approach the war-drum in ceremony — with caution and deference.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": 88, "line": 436, "page": null }, "note": "Protocol/approach formula. Entry 88 sighted in sequence. Verbatim duplicate at L5319 and near-verbatim at L4971-4972 ('lamba langga lihinya — andu weli winggirunya', variant suffix -nya for possessive). Gloss at L4973-4975 identical in substance.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "andu wudu — andu nau", "gloss_id": "Tugu tembaga dan tugu kuningan: maksud: juga purbakala ada \"kabihu\" yang mempergunakan tugu dari tembaga atau kuningan. Tugu semacam ini adalah imitasi dari tugu asli yang ada di langit, yang ditiru manusia sesudah ada di bumi.", "gloss_en": "The copper post — the brass post: in antiquity some clans used a post of copper or brass. Such a post is an imitation of the original post in the heavens, which humans reproduced on earth.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 439, "page": null }, "note": "Celestial/material-type post. Gloss runs across lines 439-441. Duplicate at L7085 ('andu wudu — andu nag', OCR nau→nag flagged); duplicate at L11243 ('andu wudu — andu nad', OCR variant). Gloss at L11244-11247 confirms celestial original sense.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "na andungu la eti — na lamba la hangahu", "gloss_id": "tugu di dalam hati dan tambur di dalam dada: maksud: ungkapan ini bahwa ada rasa permusuhan di dalam hati dan dada yang terkandung, karena tugu dan tambur merupakan simbul permusuhan: apabila tambur perang telah berbunyi maka berkobarlah peperangan.", "gloss_en": "The post within the heart — the drum within the chest: there is enmity held inside the heart and breast, for the post and the drum are symbols of war — when the war-drum sounds, conflict blazes forth.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 442, "page": null }, "note": "Internalised-enmity formula. Related to entry 1345 (line 4976).", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "na mangiangu la kuru lamba — la kapuka andungu", "gloss_id": "Yang ada di dalam tambur dan di atas tugu: maksud: ungkapan ini ialah untuk menyatakan tentang adanya para arwah baik di dalam tambur maupun di atas tugu, yang memberikan kekuatan magis kepada para pahlawan dalam \"kabihu\" yang bersangkutan.", "gloss_en": "Those who dwell inside the drum — on the top of the post: the ancestral spirits who reside within the war-drum and atop the war-post, bestowing magical power on the warriors of the clan.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": 89, "line": 445, "page": null }, "note": "Ancestral-spirit war formula. Entry 89 sighted at line 445. Mentioned also at prose context line 3096 ('katoda andungu').", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "na katiku la kajanga — na ngingi la pahari", "gloss_id": "Ia berkepala pada cabang dan berdagu pada janjang: dikatakan tentang kepala musuh yang dipancung dalam peperangan, digantung di atas 'andungu' — sebatang kayu kuat setinggi 2–3 meter di muka 'uma andungu' — sebagai lambang kemenangan.", "gloss_en": "Its head at the fork — its chin at the cluster: said of an enemy's severed head hung upon the andungu — a strong-wood post two to three metres high before the war-post house — as a symbol of victory.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": 1074, "line": 4042, "page": "p.70" }, "note": "Gloss explicitly names the andungu and the head-hanging practice." }, { "kambera": "kawindu uma ratu — talora uma andungu", "gloss_id": "serambi rumah imamat dan halaman rumah tugu perang: dikatakan tentang dua rumah yang penting dalam lingkungan satu \"kabihu\" (clan), tempat memohon kebiakan, kemakmuran dan keamanan.", "gloss_en": "The veranda of the priest's house — the forecourt of the war-post house: the two most important structures within a clan precinct, where prayers are offered for goodness, prosperity and safety.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": 1142, "line": 4303, "page": null }, "note": "Architecture/sacred-space formula. Entry 1142 sighted at line 4303. Verbatim duplicate at L9241 (entry 2557). Reversed B-A form at L9653 ('talora talora uma ratu — kawindu uma andungu').", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "kiringu li kiringu — lii andungu", "gloss_id": "upacara mula dan upacara tugu: dikatakan tentang upacara \"mula sebab\" timbulnya peperangan/permusuhan dengan pihak lain, yang dilakukan di tugu perang di muka \"uma andungu\" (rumah perang), mohon kekuatan dan kemenangan atas musuh, pada tugu itulah digantung kepala musuh yang dipancung dalam pertempuran (bukan mengayau).", "gloss_en": "The founding ceremony — the post ceremony: the 'cause-and-origin' ritual marking the outbreak of hostility, performed at the war-post in front of the 'uma andungu' (war house), seeking strength and victory; the enemy's severed head was hung on this post after battle (not head-hunting).", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": 1225, "line": 4602, "page": null }, "note": "War-ritual formula. Entry 1225 sighted at sequence. Verbatim duplicate at L5293 (entry context unclear). OCR: 'li' before 'kiringu' at L4602 may be prefix or OCR artefact.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "patumbu kiringu — pahadangu andungu", "gloss_id": "membuat mula sebab dan membangun tugu: dikatakan tentang suatu upacara yang diadakan waktu memulai suatu peperangan, menyediakan senjata lahir batin.", "gloss_en": "Establishing the cause-and-origin — raising the war-post: the ceremony performed at the commencement of warfare, preparing both material weapons and spiritual readiness.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": 1226, "line": 4604, "page": null }, "note": "War-initiation formula. Entry 1226 sighted in sequence at L4607.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "ninya na lamba la kuru — na andu la eti", "gloss_id": "ada tambur dalam dada dan tugu dalam hati: dikatakan tentang suatu dendam yang selalu terkandung dalam hati, seolah-olah tambur dan tugu yang melambangkan permusuhan.", "gloss_en": "There is a drum in the chest — a post in the heart: a grudge permanently harboured, as if the drum and post — symbols of war and enmity — were lodged within.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": 1345, "line": 4976, "page": null }, "note": "Internalised-enmity formula. Entry 1345 sighted at line 4976. Related to L442.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "na lamba panda rata — andu panda butuhu", "gloss_id": "tambur yang tak ditetak dan tugu yang tak dicabut: dikatakan tentang permusuhan yang tak henti-hentinya, sehingga tambur pengerah tetap tergantung dan tugu (gantungan kepala musuh) tetap terpancang.", "gloss_en": "The drum that is never struck down — the post that is never uprooted: unceasing enmity, the war-drum remaining hung and the post (on which enemy heads were displayed) remaining planted.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": 1343, "line": 4982, "page": null }, "note": "Perpetual-war formula. Line 4982 has 'andu panda butuhu' alone; the A-line 'na lamba panda rata' is reconstructed from adjacent prose at L4983-4984 describing the same entry. Entry 1343 inferred from sequence context around L4984. Uncertain due to couplet split across OCR-garbled passage.", "uncertain": true }, { "kambera": "ndindi kawunya ndindi andungu — kawunga lingu lamba", "gloss_id": "permulaan berdiri tugu dan permulaan bunyi tambur: dikatakan tentang ceritera dalam mitos purbakala mula sebabnya timbul peperangan.", "gloss_en": "The first raising of the war-post — the first sounding of the drum: the mythic origin narrative of why war came to exist.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": 2054, "line": 7478, "page": null }, "note": "Mythic-origin war formula. Entry 2054 sighted at line 7478.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "na marohu andungu — na malunggu lamba", "gloss_id": "yang memeluk tugu dan yang memangku tambur: dikatakan (dulu kala) tentang orang yang menjaga rumah tempat kebaktian pada waktu peperangan.", "gloss_en": "Those who embrace the war-post — those who cradle the drum: in former times, the guardians of the ritual house during warfare.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 9421, "page": null }, "note": "War-guardian formula. Entry number not visible in context.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "talora talora uma ratu — kawindu uma andungu", "gloss_id": "halaman rumah imamat dan serambi rumah tugu perang: dikatakan tentang tempat yang penting dalam sebuah kampung, tempat melakukan upacara dan kebaktian.", "gloss_en": "The forecourt of the priest's house — the veranda of the war-post house: the most important sites in a village, where ceremonies and devotions are performed.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 9653, "page": null }, "note": "B-A reversal of couplet at L4303/9241 (entry 1142/2557). Slightly different gloss emphasis. Entry number not visible.", "uncertain": false, "shelved": true } ], "lawiti_freq": 46 }, { "id": "wangga_koli", "kambera": "wangga", "name_en": "Trees", "name_id": "Pohon", "category": "flora", "main": true, "binomial": "wangga = Ficus benjamina group (banyan; identification pending)", "adams": null, "desc_en": "The tree of the cloths other than the skull tree. The wangga (banyan) is attested in ritual speech as the spirit-tree — bearded, arching, the abode of ancestral spirits, and the figure of the sheltering noble. The compound name 'wangga koli' is recorded in the archive's working index from practitioner usage; the element wangga is attested in Kapita (1987), while 'koli' has not yet been sighted in the available texts and awaits source verification.", "desc_id": "Pohon pada kain di luar pohon andung. Wangga (beringin) hadir dalam bahasa ritual sebagai pohon arwah — berjanggut, melengkung, tempat para arwah leluhur, dan kiasan bangsawan pelindung. Nama gabungan 'wangga koli' dicatat dalam indeks kerja arsip dari penggunaan praktisi; unsur wangga terbukti dalam Kapita (1987), sedangkan 'koli' belum ditemukan dalam teks yang tersedia dan menunggu verifikasi sumber.", "objects": [ "wereldmuseum-hinggi/TM-1772-1099.jpg", "mkb-basel/IIc_2484.jpg", "mkb-basel/IIc_8716.jpg", "mkb-basel/IIc_8717.jpg", "bm-sumba/BM_As1949-09-1.jpg", "bm-sumba/BM_As1949-09-2.jpg", "bm-sumba/BM_As1949-09-3.jpg", "mfa-sumba/mfa-sumba_MFA_21_659.jpg", "mfa-sumba/mfa-sumba_MFA_30_788.jpg", "mfa-sumba/mfa-sumba_MFA_30_790.jpg", "mfa-sumba/mfa-sumba_MFA_30_792.jpg", "mfa-sumba/mfa-sumba_MFA_30_794.jpg", "mfa-sumba/mfa-sumba_MFA_43_20.jpg", "quaibranly-sumba/70-2001-27-125.jpg", "quaibranly-sumba/70-2024-20-1.jpg", "quaibranly-sumba/71-1955-68-47.jpg", "quaibranly-sumba/71-1955-68-52.jpg", "quaibranly-sumba/71-1955-68-54.jpg", "quaibranly-sumba/71-1961-15-6.jpg", "prm-sumba/PRM_2008-58-3-1.jpg" ], "couplets": [ { "kambera": "karuku mapalipi — wangga labu", "gloss_id": "bagus putih dan 'kaba lu' / tanah: dikatakan tentang hubungan keluarga yang paling rapat, dengan penting 'anakawini', tempat anak atau saudara perempuan kawin; diandaikan dengan suluran labu yang menjalar jauh dan dengan pohon 'kaba luwa' yang biasa tumbuh dekat kampung.", "gloss_en": "the fine white angsana tree — the banyan that spreads: said of the closest family relationships, especially 'anakawini' (wife-takers), likened to a spreading gourd vine and the kaba luwa tree that grows near the village.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 3854, "page": null }, "note": "Couplet at line 3854, severely truncated by OCR: 'karuku. mapalipi — wangga labu bagus putih dan \"kaba lu:'. Gloss at lines 3855–3858. 'wangga' here appears = wangga (banyan) paired with karuku (angsana). Couplet end is cut off. Duplicate at line 5425 (entry 1478) and lines 7697, 8172, 10914. See fuller forms below. [OCR uncertain — verify against print]", "uncertain": true }, { "kambera": "karuku mapalipi — wangga [mapanjeri]", "gloss_id": "Entry 1478. Truncated OCR — gloss context lost in surrounding text.", "gloss_en": "angsana tree spreading wide — banyan tree [bearded/jutting] [needs gloss]", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": 1478, "line": 5425, "page": null }, "note": "Entry 1478 at line 5425. Couplet: 'karuku. mapalipi — wangga'. The paired element 'mapanjeri' (= bertunjang/bearded) is cut off at line 5425–5426. See complete form at line 7697 (na wangga mapanjeri — na karuku mapalipi). [OCR uncertain — verify against print]", "uncertain": true }, { "kambera": "na wudi pandaku — na wangga mbewa", "gloss_id": "budi pendek dan beringin lengkung: dikatakan tentang seorang 'maramba' (raja/ningrat) yang menjadi pengampu dan pelindung rakyatnya.", "gloss_en": "the short budi tree — the arching banyan: said of a 'maramba' (king/noble) who is the guardian and protector of his people.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 6789, "page": null }, "note": "Couplet embedded in dense OCR line 6789: 'mbewa aa na wudi pandaku — na wangga mbewa: Kanan budi pendek dan beringin lengkung'. 'wudi' = budi tree (a tree species); 'wangga' = beringin (banyan). The pair wudi-wangga confirmed here as short tree + banyan. OCR: 'Kanan' likely = garbled text. [OCR uncertain — verify against print]", "uncertain": true }, { "kambera": "na wangga mapanjeri — na karuku mapalipi", "gloss_id": "beringin yang berjanggut dan angsoka yang berkangkang: dikatakan tentang pohon-pohon angker, karena dianggap tempat para arwah, sehingga dihormati dan diindahkan.", "gloss_en": "the bearded banyan — the wide-rooted angsana: said of awe-inspiring trees regarded as dwelling places of spirits, and therefore respected and heeded.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": 2109, "line": 7697, "page": null }, "note": "Entry 2109 at line 7697. Gloss at lines 7697–7699. 'wangga mapanjeri' = beringin berjanggut (bearded banyan). Duplicate at line 8172 (OCR renders as 'Ja wangga mapanggeri — fa karuku mapallpi' — 'Ja'/'fa' are OCR for 'la', systematic artefact) and at line 10914 (wangga mapanjeri — karuku mapalipi).", "uncertain": false, "shelved": true }, { "kambera": "ngiangu la nggoru mini rombangu — la lumbu wangga bokulu", "gloss_id": "bertempat pada leher kerbau jantan dan di bawah beringin besar: dikatakan tentang para pelindung yang kuat dan aman, dulu dikatakan tentang para raja dan para pembesar lain.", "gloss_en": "dwelling at the neck of the bull — beneath the great banyan: said of strong and reliable protectors, formerly applied to kings and other great lords.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": 2615, "line": 9438, "page": null }, "note": "Entry 2615 at line 9438. Gloss at lines 9439–9440. 'wangga bokulu' = beringin besar (great banyan). This couplet pairs the buffalo's neck with the great banyan as emblems of royal protection.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "wangga mapanjeri — karuku mapalipi", "gloss_id": "beringin yang bertunjang dan angsana yang berpangkal: dikatakan tentang dua nama pohon yang dianggap angker, karena diduga tempat kediaman para arwah, jin, setan dan sebagainya.", "gloss_en": "the buttressed banyan — the rooted angsana: said of two tree species regarded as uncanny because they are believed to be the dwelling places of spirits, jinns, demons and the like.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": 3015, "line": 10914, "page": null }, "note": "Entry 3015 at line 10913/10914. Gloss at lines 10915–10920. Standalone entry (not paired with karuku in the previous sense). 'mapanjeri' = bertunjang (buttressed).", "uncertain": false, "shelved": true }, { "kambera": "wudi wudi pandaku — abewa / wangga [mbewa]", "gloss_id": "budi pendek dan beringin rindang: dikatakan tentang para ningrat, yang menjadi pelindung banyak orang: pohon budi dan beringin adalah lambang para 'ratu-marimba' (ratu-raja).", "gloss_en": "the short budi tree — the spreading banyan: said of nobles who are the protectors of many people; the budi tree and the banyan are emblems of the 'ratu-marimba' (king-rulers).", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 11231, "page": null }, "note": "Couplet at line 11231, heavily corrupted by OCR: 'wudi wudi. pandaku: — abewa: | budi pendek dan beringin rin-wangga'. 'wudi' clearly present; 'wangga' appears mid-gloss at line end. Couplet form unclear; 'abewa' may = 'mbewa' (OCR substitution). Duplicate/variant of line 6789. [OCR uncertain — verify against print]", "uncertain": true, "shelved": true } ], "lawiti_freq": 9, "parked": true }, { "id": "mamuli", "kambera": "mamuli", "name_en": "Mamuli (gold ornament)", "name_id": "Mamuli (perhiasan mas)", "category": "regalia", "main": true, "binomial": null, "adams": "pp.65, 168", "desc_en": "The omega-shaped gold ear-pendant: the female valuable of bridewealth exchange, grave gift, and heirloom. Its two canonical figurative forms are named in ritual speech: the turning monkey and the nodding cockatoo.", "desc_id": "Subang mas berbentuk omega: harta perempuan dalam pertukaran belis, bekal kubur, dan pusaka. Dua bentuk figuratifnya yang kanonik disebut dalam bahasa ritual: kera menoleh dan kakatua menggeleng.", "objects": [ "agnsw-sumba/265-1992.jpg", "horniman-sumba/2012-43.jpg", "quaibranly-sumba/70-2001-27-453.jpg", "quaibranly-sumba/70-2001-27-557.jpg", "quaibranly-sumba/70-2001-27-561.jpg", "quaibranly-sumba/70-2001-27-581.jpg", "quaibranly-sumba/70-2001-27-583.jpg", "quaibranly-sumba/70-2001-27-608.jpg", "quaibranly-sumba/70-2001-27-612.jpg", "quaibranly-sumba/70-2001-27-613.jpg", "quaibranly-sumba/70-2001-27-614.jpg", "quaibranly-sumba/70-2001-27-738-1-2.jpg", "quaibranly-sumba/70-2001-27-742.jpg", "quaibranly-sumba/70-2001-27-744.jpg", "quaibranly-sumba/70-2001-27-745.jpg", "quaibranly-sumba/70-2001-27-746.jpg", "quaibranly-sumba/70-2001-27-747.jpg", "quaibranly-sumba/70-2001-27-748.jpg", "quaibranly-sumba/70-2001-27-749.jpg", "quaibranly-sumba/70-2001-27-750.jpg", "quaibranly-sumba/70-2001-27-751.jpg", "quaibranly-sumba/70-2001-27-752.jpg", "quaibranly-sumba/70-2001-27-753.jpg", "quaibranly-sumba/70-2020-29-9.jpg", "quaibranly-sumba/71-1961-15-6.jpg" ], "couplets": [ { "kambera": "njara jangga — mamuli rara", "gloss_id": "kuda tinggi dan subang merah; dikatakan tentang harta benda yang bernilai, hewan (kuda) dan subang mas, yang biasa dituntut oleh pihak 'yera' (pemberi wanita) dari pihak 'anakawini' (pengambil wanita).", "gloss_en": "a tall horse — a red mamuli earring; said of valuable goods — livestock (horse) and gold ear-pendants — customarily demanded by the 'yera' (wife-givers) from the 'anakawini' (wife-takers).", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 2248, "page": "p.42" }, "note": "Entry number not recoverable from immediate context; lies between entries 556 and 558 at line 2248. Page marker [p.42] at line 2239. 'Orang yang mulia dan berwibawa' (line 2248 preamble) is part of the preceding entry's gloss. OCR: 'mamuli rara' is sighted." }, { "kambera": "kanataru… kanitaru — lakululungu, mamuli ndai — patuku lombu", "gloss_id": "rantai mas bersambung dan rantai berjalin terus, subang asli dan buatan lombu; dikatakan tentang perhiasan berupa rantai dan subang yang dibuat dari mas dan perak, lambang kemampuan dan harga diri seseorang atau sekeluarga: perhiasan-perhiasan mas ini melambangkan pula saluran dan sawah-sawah sumber kehidupan dan kemakmuran manusia; selanjutnya, 'kanataru lakululungu' melambangkan pria dan 'mamuli ndai patuku lombu' melambangkan wanita.", "gloss_en": "linked gold chain and continuously interwoven chain, an original mamuli and one made by Lombu goldsmith; said of gold and silver chain-and-pendant heirlooms symbolising a person's or family's capacity and self-worth; these gold ornaments further symbolise irrigation channels and rice-fields as sources of livelihood; 'kanataru lakululungu' represents the male and 'mamuli ndai patuku lombu' represents the female.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 3216, "page": "p.57" }, "note": "Entry number not sighted immediately; between entries 831 and 832. Page marker [p.57] at line 3206. Four-term couplet with kanataru/lakululungu chain-pair and mamuli/patuku-lombu pendant-pair. OCR: 'kanitaru' likely OCR variant of 'kanataru'. Gloss in lines 3217-3222 partly fragmented. Same couplet recurs at entries 1327 (line 4945) and a parallel at lines 5890-5892 — see notes below." }, { "kambera": "mamuli ndai — patuku lombu, kanataru — lakululungu", "gloss_id": "mamuli asli buatan lombu, rantai mas bersambung dan rantai perak yang terus; dikatakan tentang perhiasan-perhiasan pusaka, dari mas.", "gloss_en": "genuine mamuli of Lombu craftsmanship, continuous gold chain — unbroken silver chain; said of heirloom gold ornaments.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": 1327, "line": 4945, "page": "p.84" }, "note": "Entry 1327 sighted at line 4945. Page marker [p.84] at line 4956 (just after). Couplet order reversed from line 3216 attestation (mamuli ndai — patuku lombu first, kanataru — lakululungu second). Gloss continues across lines 4946-4947 but is fragmented by OCR column bleed. 'Lombu' is the first goldsmith on Sumba according to the note at line 5895.", "shelved": true }, { "kambera": "lamba — tabilu, marangga — kiku iyangu", "gloss_id": "inilah nama-nama perhiasan mas pusaka: 'lamba', lambang bulan dalam bentuk bulan timbul; 'tabilu' lambang matahari dalam bentuk bulat, keduanya perhiasan dada; 'marangga', dalam bentuk sekor ikan bersilang; 'kiku iyangu' (ekor ikan).", "gloss_en": "these are the names of heirloom gold ornaments: 'lamba', symbolising the moon in crescent form; 'tabilu', symbolising the sun in circular form, both chest ornaments; 'marangga', in the form of two fish crossed; 'kiku iyangu' (fish-tail form).", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": 1346, "line": 4979, "page": "p.84" }, "note": "Regalia name-list couplet: lamba, tabilu, marangga, kiku iyangu are mamuli-related ornament names in a paired catalogue formula. \"Mamuli\" appears in adjacent entries; included per task spec \"lamba/tabilu/marangga/kiku iyangu regalia name-lists\". Entry 1346 sighted within line 4979 ('1346. lamba' at line 4978). Page marker [p.84] at line 4956. Regalia name-list couplet: lamba/tabilu (moon/sun chest ornaments) — marangga/kiku iyangu (fish-cross and fish-tail forms). Gloss text heavily OCR-garbled across line 4979 (column bleed). This is the principal name-list couplet for regalia alongside kanataru/lakululungu and mamuli/patuku-lombu. [OCR uncertain — verify against print]", "uncertain": true }, { "kambera": "mamuli mamuli ndai — patuku lombu, kanataru — lakululungu", "gloss_id": "anting pusaka dan tempaan lombu, rantai mas dan rantai perak; dikatakan tentang mas-mas perhiasan yang bernilai tinggi, yang masih tulen; 'patuku lombu' (tempaan lombu) semacam mamuli yang bentuknya dan nilainya lebih tinggi dari yang lain, sebagai hasil karya pandai mas yang pertama di Sumba.", "gloss_en": "heirloom ear-pendant and Lombu-forged ornament, gold chain and silver chain; said of genuinely high-value gold ornaments; 'patuku lombu' (Lombu's forging) is a type of mamuli whose form and value surpass others, being the work of the first goldsmith of Sumba.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 5890, "page": "p.98" }, "note": "Page marker [p.98] at line 5877. Entry number unclear; lines 5890-5895 appear after entry 1610 marker. Opening 'mamuli mamuli ndai' — OCR likely doubled 'mamuli' from the heading word. Lines 5894-5895 contain gloss continuation: Lombu identified as first goldsmith of Sumba, together with Umbulangit.", "shelved": true }, { "kambera": "tumbuku a tumbuku mamuli — hapui kalibu wei", "gloss_id": "menempa mamuli dan meniup bunga kecubung; dikatakan tentang bujukan dan ajakan terhadap seseorang atau segolongan untuk turut bersama-sama menentang pihak lain.", "gloss_en": "forging a mamuli — blowing the thornapple flower; said of enticement and invitation to a person or group to jointly oppose another party.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": 2892, "line": 10432, "page": "p.162" }, "note": "Entry 2892 sighted at line 10431. Page marker [p.162] at line 10410. OCR: 'tumbuku a tumbuku mamuli' — the 'a' appears to be OCR artefact or separator; the couplet label runs 'tumbuku | a tumbuku mamuli — hapui kalibu wei'. Forging mamuli here is metaphor for seductive persuasion." }, { "kambera": "hau mamuli — hawalangu walangu luluna", "gloss_id": "sebuah mamuli dan seutas rantai; dikatakan sebagai bukti resminya suatu urusan atau pembicaraan.", "gloss_en": "one mamuli — a length of chain; said as formal proof of an agreement or discussion.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": 3001, "line": 10843, "page": "p.168" }, "note": "Entry 3001 inferred from marker 'batangu3001' at line 10842 and '3002' at line 10844. Page marker [p.168] at line 10805. Couplet spans lines 10843 (A-line: 'hau mamuli — hawalangu') and 10849 (B-continuation: 'walangu luluna'). OCR: line break splits the couplet." }, { "kambera": "wilaku buti — kaka mbelu", "gloss_id": "Kera menoleh dan kakatua geleng: dikatakan tentang bentuk dua macam mamuli, dipakai dalam urusan perkawinan dan kekeluargaan, dengan motif kera yang menoleh dan kakatua yang menggeleng-geleng kepala.", "gloss_en": "The monkey turns its head — the cockatoo nods: the two canonical forms of the mamuli, used in bridewealth and kinship affairs — the turning monkey and the nodding cockatoo.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 11057, "page": "p.169+" }, "note": "The primary mamuli-motif couplet; shared with the monkey motif." }, { "kambera": "wilaku buti wilaku — kaka mbelu", "gloss_id": "kera menoleh dan kakatua geleng; dikatakan tentang bentuk dua macam mamuli (harafiah: yang menghubungkan), dipakai dalam urusan perkawinan dan urusan kekeluargaan yang lain dengan memakai motif kera yang sedang menoleh dan kakatua yang kepalanya menggeleng-geleng.", "gloss_en": "the monkey turns its head — the cockatoo nods; said of the form of two types of mamuli (literally: the connector), used in marriage proceedings and other kinship affairs, bearing the motif of a monkey turning its head and a cockatoo shaking its head.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": 3065, "line": 11057, "page": "p.171" }, "note": "Monkey/cockatoo-form mamuli couplet: kambera describes two mamuli pendant shapes (kera menoleh = monkey turning head; kakatua geleng = cockatoo nodding). \"Mamuli\" appears in the gloss not the kambera; included per task spec \"monkey/cockatoo-form formulas\". Entry 3065 inferred from '3064' at line 11054 and '3065' at line 11069. Page marker [p.171] at line 11033. Monkey-and-cockatoo mamuli form explicitly named — key passage for iconographic types.", "shelved": true } ], "lawiti_freq": 16 }, { "id": "kombu", "kambera": "kombu", "name_en": "Hinggi kombu (red-ground cloth)", "name_id": "Hinggi kombu (kain dasar merah)", "category": "design", "main": false, "binomial": "dye: Morinda citrifolia L.", "adams": null, "desc_en": "The red-ground man's cloth, named from the kombu dye — the morindone red of Morinda citrifolia root-bark. Three-colour morinda cloths were restricted to the maramba.", "desc_id": "Hinggi dasar merah, dinamai dari pewarna kombu — merah morindone kulit akar Morinda citrifolia. Kain morinda tiga warna dahulu terbatas bagi maramba.", "objects": [ "agnsw-sumba/562-2010.jpg", "agsa-sumba/20044A17.jpg", "agsa-sumba/20113A17.jpg", "agsa-sumba/20113A18.jpg", "aota-sumba/6.__Ceremonial_men_27s_blanket_hinggi_kombu.jpg", "aota-sumba/7.__Man_27s_mantle_or_blanket_higgi_kombu_NMVW.jpg", "asian-museums/ACM_2018-01017_Man_s_cloth_hinggi_kombu_lions-horses_.jpg", "australian-museums/powerhouse_A11066_hinggi_kombu_east_sumba_1900-1920.jpg", "australian-museums/powerhouse_A11067_hinggi_kombu_east_sumba_1960-1965.jpg", "bm-sumba/BM_As1949-09-1.jpg", "bm-sumba/BM_As1949-09-2.jpg", "bm-sumba/BM_As1949-09-3.jpg", "europeana-sumba/91608_SMVK_VKM_objekt_105018.jpg", "europeana-sumba/91608_SMVK_VKM_objekt_105019.jpg", "europeana-sumba/91608_SMVK_VKM_objekt_105020.jpg", "europeana-sumba/91608_SMVK_VKM_objekt_105021.jpg", "europeana-sumba/91608_SMVK_VKM_objekt_105318.jpg", "europeana-sumba/91608_SMVK_VKM_objekt_2263836.jpg", "europeana-sumba/91608_SMVK_VKM_objekt_2263837.jpg", "honolulu-sumba/HoMA_9742.1_hinggi_kombu_sumba.jpg", "horniman-sumba/2008-192.jpg", "mfa-sumba/mfa-sumba_MFA_30_794.jpg", "mkb-basel/IIc_8737.jpg", "nga-sumba/NGA_1980-727.jpg", "nga-sumba/NGA_1984-1240.jpg", "nga-sumba/NGA_1984-580.jpg", "nga-sumba/NGA_2000-990.jpg", "nga-sumba/NGA_2000-994.jpg", "quaibranly-sumba/70-2001-27-102.jpg", "quaibranly-sumba/70-2001-27-105.jpg", "quaibranly-sumba/70-2001-27-144.jpg", "quaibranly-sumba/70-2001-27-582.jpg", "quaibranly-sumba/70-2001-27-94.jpg", "quaibranly-sumba/70-2001-27-98.jpg", "quaibranly-sumba/71-1955-68-55.jpg", "quaibranly-sumba/71-1955-68-60.jpg", "rom-sumba/ROM_956.63.17.jpg", "wereldmuseum-sumba/TM-10014475.jpg", "wikimedia-sumba/Laoe_komboe_ikatweefsel_afkomstig_uit_Soemba_KITLV_5629.jpg", "wikimedia-sumba/Laoe_komboe_ikatweefsel_afkomstig_uit_Soemba_KITLV_5630.jpg", "wikimedia-sumba/Laoe_komboe_ikatweefsel_afkomstig_uit_Soemba_KITLV_5634.jpg", "wikimedia-sumba/Omslagdoek_Hinggi_kombu_AK-MAK-1742-48.jpg" ], "couplets": [ { "kambera": "kombu a hinggi kombu kurangu — pahudu anatau", "gloss_id": "selimut merah udang dan kain [remainder of gloss not recoverable from lines 4656-4659; text breaks across entry boundaries].", "gloss_en": "The prawn-red blanket — the cloth.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": 1240, "line": 4656, "page": "p.78" }, "note": "Entry 1240 sighted at start of line 4656. Page marker [p.78] at line 4620. Gloss at line 4657: 'selimut merah udang dan kain' — truncated, continues into entry-boundary text. 'kombu a hinggi kombu kurangu' — 'kombu' = red (morinda-dyed) cloth; 'hinggi kombu' = the red hinggi blanket; 'kurangu' possibly = 'kuning' (yellow) or a cloth type, OCR unclear. 'pahudu anatau' — B-line not glossed in recoverable text. This is the only couplet attestation of kombu in the file. [OCR uncertain — verify against print]", "uncertain": true } ], "lawiti_freq": 2, "parked": true }, { "id": "wuya", "kambera": "wuya", "name_en": "Crocodile", "name_id": "Buaya", "category": "animal", "main": false, "binomial": "Crocodylus porosus", "adams": "p.167", "desc_en": "Noble title-formula: the children of rajas are 'children of the red crocodile'. With the snake, the crocodile also names the dangers of the journey.", "desc_id": "Rumus gelar bangsawan: putra-putri raja adalah 'anak buaya merah'. Bersama ular, buaya juga menyebut bahaya perjalanan.", "objects": [ "horniman-sumba/2008-177.jpg", "quaibranly-sumba/70-2001-27-454.jpg", "quaibranly-sumba/70-2001-27-731.jpg" ], "couplets": [ { "kambera": "ana kara wulangu — ana wuya rara:", "gloss_id": "anak penyu bulan dan anak buaya merah: maksud: ungkapan ini menyatakan julukan putra-putra ningrat (bangsawan) yang diandaikan sebagai penyu karet yang mempunyai kulit yang berwarna bagus dan perhiasan berupa sisir, gelang, cincin yang sangat dihargai; juga diandaikan sebagai buaya merah yang bentuknya kerdil, biasa terdapat di muara-muara dan sungai-sungai, tetap ditakuti dan disegani tetapi tak pernah membahayakan.", "gloss_en": "child of the moon-tortoise — child of the red crocodile: noble title formula expressing the children of aristocrats — likened to the turtle-shell tortoise with beautiful skin worked into prized combs, bracelets and rings, and also to the small red crocodile found in estuaries, feared and respected but never dangerous.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 342, "page": null }, "note": "Noble title formula: wuya rara (red crocodile) = aristocratic power marker. Repeated at line 3709 (entry ~968 context: 'kara ana kara wulangu — ana wuya rara' with fuller gloss including 'kara' = turtle-shell), and at line 11295 ('ana kara wulangu — ana wuya / rara' — split across lines 11295–11296 with same gloss). Entry number not recoverable at line 342.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "pamilinya tena hoba, — kanjekunya ranggu rara, ka nahobaya wuya -- tadanu,.iu.mbeni", "gloss_id": "alirkan dia perahu seludang kelapa lalu dialirkan ke sungai menuju ke laut lepas ditelan binatang dan ikan buas di laut: mereka yakin dengan peri itu dosa dan celaka sudah lenyap, mereka aman dan sentosa.", "gloss_en": "launch the coconut-spathe boat into the river towards the open sea to be swallowed by fierce sea creatures — fish: they believe that through this rite sin and disaster have vanished, they are safe and whole.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": 463, "line": 1992, "page": "[p.37]" }, "note": "OCR garbled: 'wuya -- tadanu,.iu.mbeni' runs into entry numbers. Full couplet text at line 2003–2004: 'alirkan dia perahu seludang dan sapukan dia rangkai merah, supaya ditelan oleh buaya dan ikan paus, ikan yu dan pari buas'. Also at line 9584 ('tadanu wuya — tadanu, iu mbeni-pai mbeni: buaya dan ikan paus, yu dan pari yang buas'). Journey-danger / ritual-purification formula: crocodile as devourer of sin. 'wuya' paired with 'tadanu' (ikan paus/whale) as river/sea hazards.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "liangu matu nda nawaiya na wuya la papala — na mandu. kiri liangu:", "gloss_id": "sampai ia tak menghiraukan buaya di tempat menyeberang dan ular di ujung liang: dikatakan tentang seseorang yang mengejar cita-citanya, yang tak menghiraukan bahaya-bahaya di tengah jalan, asal ia mencapai cita-citanya, dengan penting seorang pemuda yang mencari kekasihnya.", "gloss_en": "until he no longer heeds the crocodile at the crossing — the snake at the burrow mouth: said of a person who pursues their goal regardless of the dangers in the way — especially a young man seeking his beloved.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 5302, "page": null }, "note": "Entry numbers ~1443–1444 nearby. Journey-danger formula: wuya at the ford (papala = river crossing) as hazard for the love-journey. Compare entry 1645.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "na mandu ngarangia — na wuya la papala", "gloss_id": "Ular di jalan dan buaya di penyeberangan: dikatakan tentang bahaya-bahaya yang ada dalam perjalanan.", "gloss_en": "Snake on the road — crocodile at the crossing-place: said of the dangers that lie along a journey.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": 1645, "line": 6038, "page": "p.100" }, "note": "Shared with the snake motif; also echoed inverted at line 5302." }, { "kambera": "mandu na mandu ngarangia — na wuya la papala:", "gloss_id": "ular di jalan dan buaya di penyeberangan: dikatakan tentang bahaya-bahaya yang ada dalam perjalanan.", "gloss_en": "snake in the path — crocodile at the river crossing: said of the dangers that lie in a journey.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": 1645, "line": 6038, "page": "[p.100]" }, "note": "Entry 1645 at line 6038. River-crossing danger formula: wuya la papala is the standard crocodile-at-ford couplet pairing. Compare line 5302.", "uncertain": false, "shelved": true }, { "kambera": "na makarita la kambu mandu — na mapahilita la uli wuya:", "gloss_id": "yang menoreh kita dari perut ular dan yang melepaskan kita dari taring buaya: dikatakan tentang orang yang meluputkan/melepaskan kita dari bahaya dan celaka, seperti perbuatan Kristus untuk manusia.", "gloss_en": "who cuts us out of the snake's belly — who frees us from the crocodile's fangs: said of a person who delivers us from danger and disaster — like Christ's act for humanity.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": 2338, "line": 8491, "page": null }, "note": "Entry 2338 at line 8490. Deliverance formula: wuya-fang as mortal danger; deliverer-saviour motif.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "tadanu wuya — tadanu, iu mbeni-pai mbeni:", "gloss_id": "buaya dan ikan paus, yu dan pari yang buas: dikatakan tentang binatang dan ikan yang buas di laut.", "gloss_en": "crocodile and whale, shark and fierce manta ray: said of the fierce creatures and fish of the sea.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 9584, "page": null }, "note": "Entry numbers 2654–2655 nearby. Sea-hazard formula. 'tadanu wuya' = crocodile as sea creature; paired with ocean predators (ikan paus, yu, pari). This is the cleaner form of the entry first seen at line 1992.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "ularu nakatikau ularu kataru muru — nahobakau wuya tadanu:", "gloss_id": "kau akan digigit ular dan ular hijau, kau akan ditelan buaya dan ikan paus: dikatakan sebagai ucapan pada waktu mengutuki musuh atau pihak yang melakukan perbuatan jahat.", "gloss_en": "you will be bitten by the snake and the green snake, you will be swallowed by the crocodile and the whale: said as a curse against an enemy or one who has committed evil.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 10576, "page": null }, "note": "Entry numbers ~2931 nearby. Curse formula: wuya as devouring threat. Crocodile paired with ikan paus (whale) as instruments of punishment/curse.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "ana kara wulangu — ana wuya rara:", "gloss_id": "anak karet bulan dan anak buaya merah: dikatakan tentang para ningrat (raja/bangsawan), indah sebagai kulit penyu karet bulan dan disegani seperti buaya kecil merah yang tak menerkam.", "gloss_en": "child of the moon turtle-shell — child of the red crocodile: said of nobility — beautiful as moon-turtle shell and respected like the small red crocodile that does not attack.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 11295, "page": null }, "note": "Third attestation of the noble-title couplet (also at lines 342 and 3709). Treated as same couplet with all three attestations noted. The gloss here is the fullest.", "uncertain": false, "shelved": true } ], "lawiti_freq": 10, "parked": true }, { "id": "iya", "kambera": "iyangu", "name_en": "Fish", "name_id": "Ikan", "category": "animal", "main": false, "binomial": null, "adams": "pp.133, 150, 168", "desc_en": "The stylised soul-fish; the parade-song of the harvest feast sends each fish back to its origin. The crossed fish-tail (kiku iyangu) is also a named form of the gold regalia.", "desc_id": "Ikan-jiwa yang digayakan; nyanyian pawai pesta panen memulangkan tiap ikan ke asalnya. Ekor ikan bersilang (kiku iyangu) juga nama bentuk perhiasan mas pusaka.", "objects": [ "horniman-sumba/2008-192.jpg", "mfa-sumba/mfa-sumba_MFA_30_793.jpg", "quaibranly-sumba/70-2001-27-581.jpg", "quaibranly-sumba/70-2001-27-583.jpg", "quaibranly-sumba/70-2001-27-731.jpg", "quaibranly-sumba/70-2001-27-734.jpg" ], "couplets": [ { "kambera": "lamba — tabilu, marangga — kiku iyangu:", "gloss_id": "inilah nama-nama perhiasan mas pusaka, 'lamba', lambang bulan dalam bentuk bulan timbul: 'tabilu' lambang matahari dalam bentuk bulat, keduanya perhiasan dada: 'marangga', dalam bentuk sekor ikan bersilang dan 'kiku iyangu' (ekor ikan) dalam bentuk ...", "gloss_en": "these are the names of heirloom gold ornaments: 'lamba', symbol of the moon in a crescent form; 'tabilu', symbol of the sun in a disc form, both chest ornaments; 'marangga', in the form of a crossed fish; and 'kiku iyangu' (fish-tail), in the form of ...", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": 1346, "line": 4979, "page": null }, "note": "Entry 1346 at line 4978. 'kiku iyangu' = fish-tail regalia item; 'iyangu' clearly means fish here. OCR disruption truncates the gloss at 'dalam bentuk'. This is a catalogue of regalia names, not a couplet in the strict A–B sense; included as the key kiku-iyangu (fish-tail) reference. 'marangga' = crossed-fish chest pendant; 'kiku iyangu' = fish-tail gold ornament, cited in regalia contexts.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "na mandawa Ia karuku — na iyangu la kelangu:", "gloss_id": "manisan dalam cupu-cupu dan ikan di atas gantungan: dikatakan tentang perbekalan yang disediakan untuk jiwa-jiwa para mandiang pada upacara 'langu paraingu' (kenduri negeri, tahun baru) pertukaran tahun lama dan tahun baru.", "gloss_en": "sweet preserve in a little box — fish on the hanging-rack: said of provisions laid out for the souls of the dead at the 'langu paraingu' ceremony (the village feast, new year) at the turning of the old year to the new.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 6012, "page": "[p.100]" }, "note": "Entry numbers ~1626–1629 nearby. Soul-provision formula: iyangu (fish) as ancestral offering at the new-year rite. 'kelangu' = gantungan (hanging rack for drying fish).", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "ha. mangadunya mihi ydipa ~ iyangu — na matangaranya wula koja wei:", "gloss_id": "yang meninjau meting (laut) tangkap ikan dan yang menengadah bulan tikam babi: dikatakan tentang mempunyai pacar atau tunangan, yang terus memperhatikan keadaan dewasanya pemudi itu, jadi tak dapat lagi dipinang orang lain.", "gloss_en": "he who surveys the reef to catch fish — he who looks up at the moon to spear pigs: said of having a sweetheart or betrothed, continuously watching her maturation so that she can no longer be courted by another.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 6415, "page": null }, "note": "OCR corruption: 'ydipa ~ iyangu' — 'ydipa' is likely OCR artifact for 'da' or similar particle; 'iyangu' clearly = fish (context: meninjau laut tangkap ikan). Entry numbers ~1755–1757 nearby. Courtship-watch formula: fishing at the reef paired with pig-hunting by moonlight. [OCR uncertain — verify against print]", "uncertain": true }, { "kambera": "iya njulu la libu muru — iya pai la mananga", "gloss_id": "Ikan kembara mengembara ke lautan besar dan ikan pawai berpawai ke muara: dikatakan dalam nyanyian pawai pada pesta penutupan panen 'kanduku woka'; sebagai pernyataan bahwa masing-masing akan kembali kepada asalnya dari mana ia datang.", "gloss_en": "The wandering fish wanders out to the great ocean — the parading fish parades to the estuary: sung at the harvest-closing feast 'kanduku woka' — the declaration that each will return to its origin whence it came.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 7764, "page": "p.124" }, "note": "Entry number not legible in OCR (~2127). Kambera lightly regularised from OCR line-splits — verify against print. Return-to-origin (soul-journey) resonance." }, { "kambera": "iya njulu nanjulu luaya Ia libu muru — iya pai napal luaya la mananga:", "gloss_id": "ikan kembara mengembara ke lautan besar dan ikan pawai berpawai ke muara: dikatakan dalam suatu nyanyian pawai pada pesta upacara penutupan panen yang disebut 'kanduku woka' (bunyi tugal); sebagai pernyataan bahwa masing-masing akan kembali kepada asalnya dari mana ia datang.", "gloss_en": "the wandering fish wanders into the great sea — the processioning fish processes to the estuary: said in a parade-song at the harvest-closing ceremony called 'kanduku woka' (sound of the digging-stick); expressing that each will return to its origin.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 7764, "page": null }, "note": "Entry numbers ~2126–2127 nearby. Harvest parade-song formula: 'iya' = fish clearly (gloss: ikan). Both A-line and B-line open with 'iya'. Soul-fish/return-to-origin metaphor in panen ceremony context. 'kanduku woka' festival reference is significant. OCR: 'Ia' = 'la'.", "uncertain": false, "shelved": true }, { "kambera": "rumbaku rumbaku hapa iyangu -— pangga windu wei:", "gloss_id": "Marapu membongkar empangan ikan rintangan dan melanggar babi: dikatakan tentang suatu pelanggaran hukum adat, umpama dalam masalah perkawinan, pantang kawin dalam lingkungan 'kabihu' (clan).", "gloss_en": "breaking down the fish-weir barrier — transgressing the pig-prohibition: said of a violation of customary law, for example in the matter of marriage — the prohibition on marriage within the 'kabihu' (clan).", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 9501, "page": null }, "note": "Entry numbers ~2636–2637 nearby. 'hapa iyangu' = fish weir/dam (hapa = weir; iyangu = fish). Violation-of-custom formula: breaking the fish-weir parallels breaking the marriage prohibition. Repeated at line 11100 ('pangga Windu wei — rumbaku hapa iyangu': same gloss).", "uncertain": false } ], "lawiti_freq": 8 }, { "id": "karungu", "kambera": "karungu", "name_en": "Crab", "name_id": "Ketam", "category": "animal", "main": false, "binomial": "Scylla serrata (Forskål, 1775) — mud crab (Holthuis 1978, Sumba)", "adams": "p.133", "desc_en": "Attested in ritual speech in pair with the prawn — the guiding crab of bridal counsel — though no crab has yet been identified on a cloth in this archive.", "desc_id": "Hadir dalam bahasa ritual berpasangan dengan udang — ketam pembimbing dalam nasihat pengantin — meski belum ada ketam teridentifikasi pada kain dalam arsip ini.", "objects": [], "couplets": [ { "kambera": "na karungu angu londa — na kura angu kundu", "gloss_id": "ketam kawan membimbing dan udang kawan bahu-membahu: dikatakan sebagai salah satu nasihat pada pengantin wanita pada upacara pernikahan, sebagai sebagian dari kewajiban seorang istri memperhatikan pemeliharaan ternak, pagi makanan ayam dan petang makanan babi.", "gloss_en": "The crab as companion guiding — the prawn as companion shoulder-to-shoulder: given as marital advice to the bride — part of a wife's duty to attend to livestock care, feeding chickens in the morning and pigs in the evening.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": 1024, "line": 3895, "page": null }, "note": "Kinship-cooperation and marital-duty formula. Entry 1024 sighted at line 3894. Gloss is OCR run-together with adjacent entry text at line 3895; gloss reconstructed verbatim from that line. Cross-ref: kurangu motif.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "kura mapakundu — karungu mapalonda", "gloss_id": "udang yang bahu-membahu dan ketam yang pimpin memimpin: dikatakan tentang orang yang berkeluarga rapat, yang dalam segala hal harus bergotong-royong dan tolong-menolong.", "gloss_en": "The prawn that carries shoulder to shoulder — the crab that leads guiding one another: used of close kin who must cooperate and assist each other in all things.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": 1291, "line": 4854, "page": null }, "note": "Kinship-cooperation formula. Entry 1291 sighted at line 4854. Cross-ref: kurangu motif. OCR: 'Kura' capitalised at line start; 'karungu mapalonda' is the B-line.", "uncertain": false } ], "lawiti_freq": 3, "parked": true }, { "id": "turtle", "kambera": "kara (penyu)", "name_en": "Turtle", "name_id": "Penyu", "category": "animal", "main": false, "binomial": "sea turtles (indet.)", "adams": "p.168", "desc_en": "The moon-turtle's bright shell is worked into the combs and bracelets of the nobility; a grave motif and, with the red crocodile, a title-formula for noble children.", "desc_id": "Kulit penyu bulan yang terang dikerjakan menjadi sisir dan gelang bangsawan; motif kubur dan, bersama buaya merah, rumus gelar anak bangsawan.", "objects": [ "horniman-sumba/2008-192.jpg", "quaibranly-sumba/70-2001-27-581.jpg", "quaibranly-sumba/70-2001-27-583.jpg", "quaibranly-sumba/70-2001-27-730.jpg", "quaibranly-sumba/70-2001-27-731.jpg", "quaibranly-sumba/70-2001-27-732.jpg", "quaibranly-sumba/71-1961-15-5.jpg", "us-museums/dma_1983.93_hinggi_sumba.jpg" ], "couplets": [ { "kambera": "ana kara wulangu — ana wuya rara", "gloss_id": "anak penyu bulan dan anak buaya merah: ungkapan ini menyatakan julukan putra-putra ningrat (bangsawan) yang diandaikan sebagai penyu karet yang mempunyai kulit yang berwarna bagus dan perhiasan berupa sisir, gelang, cincin yang sangat dihargai; juga diandaikan sebagai buaya merah yang bentuknya kerdil, biasa terdapat di muara-muara dan sungai-sungai, tetap ditakuti dan disegani tetapi tak pernah membahayakan.", "gloss_en": "child of the moon turtle — child of the red crocodile: this is the title given to the children of the nobility (aristocrats), likened to the moon tortoise whose beautifully-patterned shell is worked into prized combs, bracelets and rings; and to the small red crocodile found at river mouths, always feared and respected but never harmful.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 342, "page": null }, "note": "Couplet at line 342. Gloss at lines 343–346. 'kara wulangu' = penyu karet bulan (moon turtle/tortoise). Duplicate at line 3709 (fuller gloss, context = raja/bangsawan) and line 11295–11298 (additional attestation). All three attestations listed here.", "uncertain": false }, { "kambera": "kara ana kara wulangu — ana wuya rara", "gloss_id": "anak karet bulan dan anak buaya merah: dikatakan tentang putra-putri raja dan bangsawan; yang dikatakan 'karet bulan' itu adalah jenis penyu yang kulit bercorak terang, oleh seniman dikerjakan menjadi gelang yang disebut 'kara kuku lima' (gelang tangan) atau sisir yang disebut 'tidu hai kara' (sisir karet di kepala).", "gloss_en": "child of the moon tortoiseshell — child of the red crocodile: said of the sons and daughters of kings and nobles; the 'moon karet' is a species of turtle whose bright-patterned shell is worked by craftsmen into bracelets called 'kara kuku lima' (hand bracelets) or combs called 'tidu hai kara' (tortoiseshell comb for the head).", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 3709, "page": null }, "note": "Fuller duplicate of line 342. Gloss at lines 3709–3710. This is the most complete gloss for the 'kara wulangu' motif, with artisanal detail on how turtle shell is worked.", "uncertain": false, "shelved": true }, { "kambera": "ana kara wulangu — ana wuya rara", "gloss_id": "anak penyu karet bulan dan anak buaya merah: dikatakan tentang para ningrat (raja/bangsawan), indah sebagai kulit penyu karet bulan dan disegani seperti buaya kecil merah yang tak menerkam.", "gloss_en": "child of the moon tortoiseshell turtle — child of the red crocodile: said of the nobility (kings/aristocrats), beautiful as moon tortoiseshell and respected like the small red crocodile that does not attack.", "source": { "work": "Kapita 1987, Lawiti Luluku Humba", "entry": null, "line": 11295, "page": null }, "note": "Couplet at lines 11295–11296. Gloss at lines 11297–11298. Third attestation of the same couplet. OCR: 'd3n' at line 11298 = 'dan' (OCR digit/letter substitution).", "uncertain": false, "shelved": true } ], "lawiti_freq": 3, "parked": true }, { "id": "birds", "kambera": "—", "name_en": "Birds (general)", "name_id": "Burung (umum)", "category": "animal", "main": false, "binomial": null, "adams": "pp.138, 141, 167", "desc_en": "Bird imagery beyond the named species — there is no generic Kambera word for 'bird'; see the cockatoo for the named couplets.", "desc_id": "Citraan burung di luar jenis bernama — tidak ada kata Kambera umum untuk 'burung'; lihat kakatua untuk baitan bernama.", "objects": [ "10.2.62/7", "2002.536", "2002.537", "2002.538", "23.5.66/9", "6.1.54/9", "agnsw-sumba/180-2003.jpg", "bm-sumba/BM_As1949-09-1.jpg", "bm-sumba/BM_As1949-09-2.jpg", "bm-sumba/BM_As1949-09-3.jpg", "european-museums/MAA_2004.82_Sumba_blue_ikat_horses_2260x2580mm.jpg", "horniman-sumba/2008-177.jpg", "horniman-sumba/2008-192.jpg", "mfa-sumba/mfa-sumba_MFA_30_785.jpg", "mfa-sumba/mfa-sumba_MFA_30_786.jpg", "mfa-sumba/mfa-sumba_MFA_30_787.jpg", "mfa-sumba/mfa-sumba_MFA_30_793.jpg", "mfa-sumba/mfa-sumba_MFA_30_794.jpg", "mfa-sumba/mfa-sumba_MFA_43_20.jpg", "mfa-sumba/mfa-sumba_MFA_43_866.jpg", "mfa-sumba/mfa-sumba_MFA_50_1506.jpg", "mkb-basel/IIc_8719.jpg", "quaibranly-sumba/70-2001-27-612.jpg", "quaibranly-sumba/70-2001-27-731.jpg", "quaibranly-sumba/70-2001-27-750.jpg", "quaibranly-sumba/70-2001-27-98.jpg", "quaibranly-sumba/71-1955-68-51.jpg", "quaibranly-sumba/71-1955-68-53.jpg", "quaibranly-sumba/71-1961-15-5.jpg", "quaibranly-sumba/71-1961-15-6.jpg" ], "couplets": [], "lawiti_freq": 0 }, { "id": "tau", "kambera": "tau", "name_en": "Human figures", "name_id": "Figur manusia", "category": "figure", "main": false, "binomial": null, "adams": null, "desc_en": "Anthropomorphic and ancestor figures on the cloths. The weavers' practical names for the head-bearing motif family (mahang katiku …) belong to workshop vocabulary rather than the ritual-speech register.", "desc_id": "Figur manusia dan leluhur pada kain. Nama praktis penenun untuk keluarga motif berkepala (mahang katiku …) termasuk kosakata bengkel tenun, bukan register bahasa ritual.", "objects": [ "agnsw-sumba/181-2003.jpg", "europeana-sumba/91608_SMVK_VKM_objekt_105018.jpg", "mfa-sumba/mfa-sumba_MFA_30_787.jpg", "mfa-sumba/mfa-sumba_MFA_30_792.jpg", "mkb-basel/IIc_8713.jpg", "quaibranly-sumba/70-2001-27-125.jpg", "quaibranly-sumba/70-2001-27-230-1-2.jpg", "quaibranly-sumba/70-2001-27-231-1-2.jpg", "quaibranly-sumba/70-2001-27-453.jpg", "quaibranly-sumba/70-2001-27-567.jpg", "quaibranly-sumba/70-2001-27-574.jpg", "quaibranly-sumba/70-2001-27-575.jpg", "quaibranly-sumba/70-2001-27-576.jpg", "quaibranly-sumba/70-2001-27-582.jpg", "quaibranly-sumba/70-2001-27-733-1-2.jpg", "quaibranly-sumba/70-2001-27-76-1-2.jpg", "quaibranly-sumba/70-2009-22-1.jpg", "quaibranly-sumba/71-1975-36-49.jpg" ], "couplets": [], "lawiti_freq": 0 }, { "id": "scorpion", "kambera": "—", "name_en": "Scorpion", "name_id": "Kalajengking", "category": "animal", "main": false, "binomial": "Scorpiones (indet.)", "adams": null, "desc_en": "A rare centerfield creature; no ritual-speech couplet has yet been identified for it.", "desc_id": "Makhluk bidang tengah yang jarang; belum ditemukan baitan bahasa ritual untuknya.", "objects": [ "mkb-basel/IIc_8702.jpg", "quaibranly-sumba/70-2001-27-102.jpg" ], "couplets": [], "lawiti_freq": 0, "parked": true }, { "id": "squid", "kambera": "—", "name_en": "Squid / cuttlefish", "name_id": "Cumi-cumi / sotong", "category": "animal", "main": false, "binomial": "Loliginidae / Sepiidae", "adams": null, "desc_en": "Marine motif on a small number of cloths; no ritual-speech couplet has yet been identified for it.", "desc_id": "Motif laut pada sejumlah kecil kain; belum ditemukan baitan bahasa ritual untuknya.", "objects": [ "bm-sumba/BM_As1949-09-1.jpg" ], "couplets": [], "lawiti_freq": 0 }, { "id": "wallamanggatta", "kambera": "wallamanggatta", "name_en": "Tree — wallamanggatta", "name_id": "Pohon — wallamanggatta", "category": "", "main": false, "binomial": "", "adams": null, "desc_en": "", "desc_id": "", "objects": [], "couplets": [], "lawiti_freq": 0, "rejected": [], "parked": true }, { "id": "stingray", "kambera": "—", "name_en": "Stingray", "name_id": "Ikan pari", "category": "", "main": false, "binomial": "", "adams": null, "desc_en": "", "desc_id": "", "objects": [], "couplets": [], "lawiti_freq": 0, "rejected": [], "parked": true } ] }